to another page.
 *
 * Note: wp_redirect() does not exit automatically, and should almost always be
 * followed by a call to `exit;`:
 *
 *     wp_redirect( $url );
 *     exit;
 *
 * Exiting can also be selectively manipulated by using wp_redirect() as a conditional
 * in conjunction with the {@see 'wp_redirect'} and {@see 'wp_redirect_location'} hooks:
 *
 *     if ( wp_redirect( $url ) ) {
 *         exit;
 *     }
 *
 * @since 1.5.1
 *
 * @global bool $is_IIS
 *
 * @param string $location The path to redirect to.
 * @param int    $status   Status code to use.
 * @return bool False if $location is not provided, true otherwise.
 */
function wp_redirect($location, $status = 302) {
	global $is_IIS;

	/**
	 * Filters the redirect location.
	 *
	 * @since 2.1.0
	 *
	 * @param string $location The path to redirect to.
	 * @param int    $status   Status code to use.
	 */
	$location = apply_filters( 'wp_redirect', $location, $status );

	/**
	 * Filters the redirect status code.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 *
	 * @param int    $status   Status code to use.
	 * @param string $location The path to redirect to.
	 */
	$status = apply_filters( 'wp_redirect_status', $status, $location );

	if ( ! $location )
		return false;

	$location = wp_sanitize_redirect($location);

	if ( !$is_IIS && PHP_SAPI != 'cgi-fcgi' )
		status_header($status); // This causes problems on IIS and some FastCGI setups

	header("Location: $location", true, $status);

	return true;
}
endif;

if ( !function_exists('wp_sanitize_redirect') ) :
/**
 * Sanitizes a URL for use in a redirect.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param string $location The path to redirect to.
 * @return string Redirect-sanitized URL.
 **/
function wp_sanitize_redirect($location) {
	$regex = '/
		(
			(?: [\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]        # double-byte sequences   110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
			|   \xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]    # triple-byte sequences   1110xxxx 10xxxxxx * 2
			|   [\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF]{2}
			|   \xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]
			|   [\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2}
			|   \xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2} # four-byte sequences   11110xxx 10xxxxxx * 3
			|   [\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3}
			|   \xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2}
		){1,40}                              # ...one or more times
		)/x';
	$location = preg_replace_callback( $regex, '_wp_sanitize_utf8_in_redirect', $location );
	$location = preg_replace('|[^a-z0-9-~+_.?#=&;,/:%!*\[\]()@]|i', '', $location);
	$location = wp_kses_no_null($location);

	// remove %0d and %0a from location
	$strip = array('%0d', '%0a', '%0D', '%0A');
	return _deep_replace( $strip, $location );
}

/**
 * URL encode UTF-8 characters in a URL.
 *
 * @ignore
 * @since 4.2.0
 * @access private
 *
 * @see wp_sanitize_redirect()
 *
 * @param array $matches RegEx matches against the redirect location.
 * @return string URL-encoded version of the first RegEx match.
 */
function _wp_sanitize_utf8_in_redirect( $matches ) {
	return urlencode( $matches[0] );
}
endif;

if ( !function_exists('wp_safe_redirect') ) :
/**
 * Performs a safe (local) redirect, using wp_redirect().
 *
 * Checks whether the $location is using an allowed host, if it has an absolute
 * path. A plugin can therefore set or remove allowed host(s) to or from the
 * list.
 *
 * If the host is not allowed, then the redirect defaults to wp-admin on the siteurl
 * instead. This prevents malicious redirects which redirect to another host,
 * but only used in a few places.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param string $location The path to redirect to.
 * @param int    $status   Status code to use.
 */
function wp_safe_redirect($location, $status = 302) {

	// Need to look at the URL the way it will end up in wp_redirect()
	$location = wp_sanitize_redirect($location);

	/**
	 * Filters the redirect fallback URL for when the provided redirect is not safe (local).
	 *
	 * @since 4.3.0
	 *
	 * @param string $fallback_url The fallback URL to use by default.
	 * @param int    $status       The redirect status.
	 */
	$location = wp_validate_redirect( $location, apply_filters( 'wp_safe_redirect_fallback', admin_url(), $status ) );

	wp_redirect($location, $status);
}
endif;

if ( !function_exists('wp_validate_redirect') ) :
/**
 * Validates a URL for use in a redirect.
 *
 * Checks whether the $location is using an allowed host, if it has an absolute
 * path. A plugin can therefore set or remove allowed host(s) to or from the
 * list.
 *
 * If the host is not allowed, then the redirect is to $default supplied
 *
 * @since 2.8.1
 *
 * @param string $location The redirect to validate
 * @param string $default  The value to return if $location is not allowed
 * @return string redirect-sanitized URL
 **/
function wp_validate_redirect($location, $default = '') {
	$location = wp_sanitize_redirect( trim( $location, " \t\n\r\0\x08\x0B" ) );
	// browsers will assume 'http' is your protocol, and will obey a redirect to a URL starting with '//'
	if ( substr($location, 0, 2) == '//' )
		$location = 'http:' . $location;

	// In php 5 parse_url may fail if the URL query part contains http://, bug #38143
	$test = ( $cut = strpos($location, '?') ) ? substr( $location, 0, $cut ) : $location;

	// @-operator is used to prevent possible warnings in PHP < 5.3.3.
	$lp = @parse_url($test);

	// Give up if malformed URL
	if ( false === $lp )
		return $default;

	// Allow only http and https schemes. No data:, etc.
	if ( isset($lp['scheme']) && !('http' == $lp['scheme'] || 'https' == $lp['scheme']) )
		return $default;

	if ( ! isset( $lp['host'] ) && ! empty( $lp['path'] ) && '/' !== $lp['path'][0] ) {
		$path = '';
		if ( ! empty( $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] ) ) {
			$path = dirname( parse_url( 'http://placeholder' . $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], PHP_URL_PATH ) . '?' );
		}
		$location = '/' . ltrim( $path . '/', '/' ) . $location;
	}

	// Reject if certain components are set but host is not. This catches urls like https:host.com for which parse_url does not set the host field.
	if ( ! isset( $lp['host'] ) && ( isset( $lp['scheme'] ) || isset( $lp['user'] ) || isset( $lp['pass'] ) || isset( $lp['port'] ) ) ) {
		return $default;
	}

	// Reject malformed components parse_url() can return on odd inputs.
	foreach ( array( 'user', 'pass', 'host' ) as $component ) {
		if ( isset( $lp[ $component ] ) && strpbrk( $lp[ $component ], ':/?#@' ) ) {
			return $default;
		}
	}

	$wpp = parse_url(home_url());

	/**
	 * Filters the whitelist of hosts to redirect to.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 *
	 * @param array       $hosts An array of allowed hosts.
	 * @param bool|string $host  The parsed host; empty if not isset.
	 */
	$allowed_hosts = (array) apply_filters( 'allowed_redirect_hosts', array($wpp['host']), isset($lp['host']) ? $lp['host'] : '' );

	if ( isset($lp['host']) && ( !in_array($lp['host'], $allowed_hosts) && $lp['host'] != strtolower($wpp['host'])) )
		$location = $default;

	return $location;
}
endif;

if ( ! function_exists('wp_notify_postauthor') ) :
/**
 * Notify an author (and/or others) of a comment/trackback/pingback on a post.
 *
 * @since 1.0.0
 *
 * @param int|WP_Comment  $comment_id Comment ID or WP_Comment object.
 * @param string          $deprecated Not used
 * @return bool True on completion. False if no email addresses were specified.
 */
function wp_notify_postauthor( $comment_id, $deprecated = null ) {
	if ( null !== $deprecated ) {
		_deprecated_argument( __FUNCTION__, '3.8.0' );
	}

	$comment = get_comment( $comment_id );
	if ( empty( $comment ) || empty( $comment->comment_post_ID ) )
		return false;

	$post    = get_post( $comment->comment_post_ID );
	$author  = get_userdata( $post->post_author );

	// Who to notify? By default, just the post author, but others can be added.
	$emails = array();
	if ( $author ) {
		$emails[] = $author->user_email;
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the list of email addresses to receive a comment notification.
	 *
	 * By default, only post authors are notified of comments. This filter allows
	 * others to be added.
	 *
	 * @since 3.7.0
	 *
	 * @param array $emails     An array of email addresses to receive a comment notification.
	 * @param int   $comment_id The comment ID.
	 */
	$emails = apply_filters( 'comment_notification_recipients', $emails, $comment->comment_ID );
	$emails = array_filter( $emails );

	// If there are no addresses to send the comment to, bail.
	if ( ! count( $emails ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	// Facilitate unsetting below without knowing the keys.
	$emails = array_flip( $emails );

	/**
	 * Filters whether to notify comment authors of their comments on their own posts.
	 *
	 * By default, comment authors aren't notified of their comments on their own
	 * posts. This filter allows you to override that.
	 *
	 * @since 3.8.0
	 *
	 * @param bool $notify     Whether to notify the post author of their own comment.
	 *                         Default false.
	 * @param int  $comment_id The comment ID.
	 */
	$notify_author = apply_filters( 'comment_notification_notify_author', false, $comment->comment_ID );

	// The comment was left by the author
	if ( $author && ! $notify_author && $comment->user_id == $post->post_author ) {
		unset( $emails[ $author->user_email ] );
	}

	// The author moderated a comment on their own post
	if ( $author && ! $notify_author && $post->post_author == get_current_user_id() ) {
		unset( $emails[ $author->user_email ] );
	}

	// The post author is no longer a member of the blog
	if ( $author && ! $notify_author && ! user_can( $post->post_author, 'read_post', $post->ID ) ) {
		unset( $emails[ $author->user_email ] );
	}

	// If there's no email to send the comment to, bail, otherwise flip array back around for use below
	if ( ! count( $emails ) ) {
		return false;
	} else {
		$emails = array_flip( $emails );
	}

	$switched_locale = switch_to_locale( get_locale() );

	$comment_author_domain = @gethostbyaddr($comment->comment_author_IP);

	// The blogname option is escaped with esc_html on the way into the database in sanitize_option
	// we want to reverse this for the plain text arena of emails.
	$blogname = wp_specialchars_decode(get_option('blogname'), ENT_QUOTES);
	$comment_content = wp_specialchars_decode( $comment->comment_content );

	switch ( $comment->comment_type ) {
		case 'trackback':
			/* translators: 1: Post title */
			$notify_message  = sprintf( __( 'New trackback on your post "%s"' ), $post->post_title ) . "\r\n";
			/* translators: 1: Trackback/pingback website name, 2: website IP address, 3: website hostname */
			$notify_message .= sprintf( __('Website: %1$s (IP address: %2$s, %3$s)'), $comment->comment_author, $comment->comment_author_IP, $comment_author_domain ) . "\r\n";
			$notify_message .= sprintf( __( 'URL: %s' ), $comment->comment_author_url ) . "\r\n";
			$notify_message .= sprintf( __( 'Comment: %s' ), "\r\n" . $comment_content ) . "\r\n\r\n";
			$notify_message .= __( 'You can see all trackbacks on this post here:' ) . "\r\n";
			/* translators: 1: blog name, 2: post title */
			$subject = sprintf( __('[%1$s] Trackback: "%2$s"'), $blogname, $post->post_title );
			break;
		case 'pingback':
			/* translators: 1: Post title */
			$notify_message  = sprintf( __( 'New pingback on your post "%s"' ), $post->post_title ) . "\r\n";
			/* translators: 1: Trackback/pingback website name, 2: website IP address, 3: website hostname */
			$notify_message .= sprintf( __('Website: %1$s (IP address: %2$s, %3$s)'), $comment->comment_author, $comment->comment_author_IP, $comment_author_domain ) . "\r\n";
			$notify_message .= sprintf( __( 'URL: %s' ), $comment->comment_author_url ) . "\r\n";
			$notify_message .= sprintf( __( 'Comment: %s' ), "\r\n" . $comment_content ) . "\r\n\r\n";
			$notify_message .= __( 'You can see all pingbacks on this post here:' ) . "\r\n";
			/* translators: 1: blog name, 2: post title */
			$subject = sprintf( __('[%1$s] Pingback: "%2$s"'), $blogname, $post->post_title );
			break;
		default: // Comments
			$notify_message  = sprintf( __( 'New comment on your post "%s"' ), $post->post_title ) . "\r\n";
			/* translators: 1: comment author, 2: comment author's IP address, 3: comment author's hostname */
			$notify_message .= sprintf( __( 'Author: %1$s (IP address: %2$s, %3$s)' ), $comment->comment_author, $comment->comment_author_IP, $comment_author_domain ) . "\r\n";
			$notify_message .= sprintf( __( 'Email: %s' ), $comment->comment_author_email ) . "\r\n";
			$notify_message .= sprintf( __( 'URL: %s' ), $comment->comment_author_url ) . "\r\n";
			$notify_message .= sprintf( __('Comment: %s' ), "\r\n" . $comment_content ) . "\r\n\r\n";
			$notify_message .= __( 'You can see all comments on this post here:' ) . "\r\n";
			/* translators: 1: blog name, 2: post title */
			$subject = sprintf( __('[%1$s] Comment: "%2$s"'), $blogname, $post->post_title );
			break;
	}
	$notify_message .= get_permalink($comment->comment_post_ID) . "#comments\r\n\r\n";
	$notify_message .= sprintf( __('Permalink: %s'), get_comment_link( $comment ) ) . "\r\n";

	if ( user_can( $post->post_author, 'edit_comment', $comment->comment_ID ) ) {
		if ( EMPTY_TRASH_DAYS ) {
			$notify_message .= sprintf( __( 'Trash it: %s' ), admin_url( "comment.php?action=trash&c={$comment->comment_ID}#wpbody-content" ) ) . "\r\n";
		} else {
			$notify_message .= sprintf( __( 'Delete it: %s' ), admin_url( "comment.php?action=delete&c={$comment->comment_ID}#wpbody-content" ) ) . "\r\n";
		}
		$notify_message .= sprintf( __( 'Spam it: %s' ), admin_url( "comment.php?action=spam&c={$comment->comment_ID}#wpbody-content" ) ) . "\r\n";
	}

	$wp_email = 'wordpress@' . preg_replace('#^www\.#', '', strtolower($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']));

	if ( '' == $comment->comment_author ) {
		$from = "From: \"$blogname\" <$wp_email>";
		if ( '' != $comment->comment_author_email )
			$reply_to = "Reply-To: $comment->comment_author_email";
	} else {
		$from = "From: \"$comment->comment_author\" <$wp_email>";
		if ( '' != $comment->comment_author_email )
			$reply_to = "Reply-To: \"$comment->comment_author_email\" <$comment->comment_author_email>";
	}

	$message_headers = "$from\n"
		. "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=\"" . get_option('blog_charset') . "\"\n";

	if ( isset($reply_to) )
		$message_headers .= $reply_to . "\n";

	/**
	 * Filters the comment notification email text.
	 *
	 * @since 1.5.2
	 *
	 * @param string $notify_message The comment notification email text.
	 * @param int    $comment_id     Comment ID.
	 */
	$notify_message = apply_filters( 'comment_notification_text', $notify_message, $comment->comment_ID );

	/**
	 * Filters the comment notification email subject.
	 *
	 * @since 1.5.2
	 *
	 * @param string $subject    The comment notification email subject.
	 * @param int    $comment_id Comment ID.
	 */
	$subject = apply_filters( 'comment_notification_subject', $subject, $comment->comment_ID );

	/**
	 * Filters the comment notification email headers.
	 *
	 * @since 1.5.2
	 *
	 * @param string $message_headers Headers for the comment notification email.
	 * @param int    $comment_id      Comment ID.
	 */
	$message_headers = apply_filters( 'comment_notification_headers', $message_headers, $comment->comment_ID );

	foreach ( $emails as $email ) {
		@wp_mail( $email, wp_specialchars_decode( $subject ), $notify_message, $message_headers );
	}

	if ( $switched_locale ) {
		restore_previous_locale();
	}

	return true;
}
endif;

if ( !function_exists('wp_notify_moderator') ) :
/**
 * Notifies the moderator of the site about a new comment that is awaiting approval.
 *
 * @since 1.0.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * Uses the {@see 'notify_moderator'} filter to determine whether the site moderator
 * should be notified, overriding the site setting.
 *
 * @param int $comment_id Comment ID.
 * @return true Always returns true.
 */
function wp_notify_moderator($comment_id) {
	global $wpdb;

	$maybe_notify = get_option( 'moderation_notify' );

	/**
	 * Filters whether to send the site moderator email notifications, overriding the site setting.
	 *
	 * @since 4.4.0
	 *
	 * @param bool $maybe_notify Whether to notify blog moderator.
	 * @param int  $comment_ID   The id of the comment for the notification.
	 */
	$maybe_notify = apply_filters( 'notify_moderator', $maybe_notify, $comment_id );

	if ( ! $maybe_notify ) {
		return true;
	}

	$comment = get_comment($comment_id);
	$post = get_post($comment->comment_post_ID);
	$user = get_userdata( $post->post_author );
	// Send to the administration and to the post author if the author can modify the comment.
	$emails = array( get_option( 'admin_email' ) );
	if ( $user && user_can( $user->ID, 'edit_comment', $comment_id ) && ! empty( $user->user_email ) ) {
		if ( 0 !== strcasecmp( $user->user_email, get_option( 'admin_email' ) ) )
			$emails[] = $user->user_email;
	}

	$switched_locale = switch_to_locale( get_locale() );

	$comment_author_domain = @gethostbyaddr($comment->comment_author_IP);
	$comments_waiting = $wpdb->get_var("SELECT count(comment_ID) FROM $wpdb->comments WHERE comment_approved = '0'");

	// The blogname option is escaped with esc_html on the way into the database in sanitize_option
	// we want to reverse this for the plain text arena of emails.
	$blogname = wp_specialchars_decode(get_option('blogname'), ENT_QUOTES);
	$comment_content = wp_specialchars_decode( $comment->comment_content );

	switch ( $comment->comment_type ) {
		case 'trackback':
			/* translators: 1: Post title */
			$notify_message  = sprintf( __('A new trackback on the post "%s" is waiting for your approval'), $post->post_title ) . "\r\n";
			$notify_message .= get_permalink($comment->comment_post_ID) . "\r\n\r\n";
			/* translators: 1: Trackback/pingback website name, 2: website IP address, 3: website hostname */
			$notify_message .= sprintf( __( 'Website: %1$s (IP address: %2$s, %3$s)' ), $comment->comment_author, $comment->comment_author_IP, $comment_author_domain ) . "\r\n";
			/* translators: 1: Trackback/pingback/comment author URL */
			$notify_message .= sprintf( __( 'URL: %s' ), $comment->comment_author_url ) . "\r\n";
			$notify_message .= __('Trackback excerpt: ') . "\r\n" . $comment_content . "\r\n\r\n";
			break;
		case 'pingback':
			/* translators: 1: Post title */
			$notify_message  = sprintf( __('A new pingback on the post "%s" is waiting for your approval'), $post->post_title ) . "\r\n";
			$notify_message .= get_permalink($comment->comment_post_ID) . "\r\n\r\n";
			/* translators: 1: Trackback/pingback website name, 2: website IP address, 3: website hostname */
			$notify_message .= sprintf( __( 'Website: %1$s (IP address: %2$s, %3$s)' ), $comment->comment_author, $comment->comment_author_IP, $comment_author_domain ) . "\r\n";
			/* translators: 1: Trackback/pingback/comment author URL */
			$notify_message .= sprintf( __( 'URL: %s' ), $comment->comment_author_url ) . "\r\n";
			$notify_message .= __('Pingback excerpt: ') . "\r\n" . $comment_content . "\r\n\r\n";
			break;
		default: // Comments
			/* translators: 1: Post title */
			$notify_message  = sprintf( __('A new comment on the post "%s" is waiting for your approval'), $post->post_title ) . "\r\n";
			$notify_message .= get_permalink($comment->comment_post_ID) . "\r\n\r\n";
			/* translators: 1: Comment author name, 2: comment author's IP address, 3: comment author's hostname */
			$notify_message .= sprintf( __( 'Author: %1$s (IP address: %2$s, %3$s)' ), $comment->comment_author, $comment->comment_author_IP, $comment_author_domain ) . "\r\n";
			/* translators: 1: Comment author URL */
			$notify_message .= sprintf( __( 'Email: %s' ), $comment->comment_author_email ) . "\r\n";
			/* translators: 1: Trackback/pingback/comment author URL */
			$notify_message .= sprintf( __( 'URL: %s' ), $comment->comment_author_url ) . "\r\n";
			/* translators: 1: Comment text */
			$notify_message .= sprintf( __( 'Comment: %s' ), "\r\n" . $comment_content ) . "\r\n\r\n";
			break;
	}

	/* translators: Comment moderation. 1: Comment action URL */
	$notify_message .= sprintf( __( 'Approve it: %s' ), admin_url( "comment.php?action=approve&c={$comment_id}#wpbody-content" ) ) . "\r\n";

	if ( EMPTY_TRASH_DAYS ) {
		/* translators: Comment moderation. 1: Comment action URL */
		$notify_message .= sprintf( __( 'Trash it: %s' ), admin_url( "comment.php?action=trash&c={$comment_id}#wpbody-content" ) ) . "\r\n";
	} else {
		/* translators: Comment moderation. 1: Comment action URL */
		$notify_message .= sprintf( __( 'Delete it: %s' ), admin_url( "comment.php?action=delete&c={$comment_id}#wpbody-content" ) ) . "\r\n";
	}

	/* translators: Comment moderation. 1: Comment action URL */
	$notify_message .= sprintf( __( 'Spam it: %s' ), admin_url( "comment.php?action=spam&c={$comment_id}#wpbody-content" ) ) . "\r\n";

	/* translators: Comment moderation. 1: Number of comments awaiting approval */
	$notify_message .= sprintf( _n('Currently %s comment is waiting for approval. Please visit the moderation panel:',
 		'Currently %s comments are waiting for approval. Please visit the moderation panel:', $comments_waiting), number_format_i18n($comments_waiting) ) . "\r\n";
	$notify_message .= admin_url( "edit-comments.php?comment_status=moderated#wpbody-content" ) . "\r\n";

	/* translators: Comment moderation notification email subject. 1: Site name, 2: Post title */
	$subject = sprintf( __('[%1$s] Please moderate: "%2$s"'), $blogname, $post->post_title );
	$message_headers = '';

	/**
	 * Filters the list of recipients for comment moderation emails.
	 *
	 * @since 3.7.0
	 *
	 * @param array $emails     List of email addresses to notify for comment moderation.
	 * @param int   $comment_id Comment ID.
	 */
	$emails = apply_filters( 'comment_moderation_recipients', $emails, $comment_id );

	/**
	 * Filters the comment moderation email text.
	 *
	 * @since 1.5.2
	 *
	 * @param string $notify_message Text of the comment moderation email.
	 * @param int    $comment_id     Comment ID.
	 */
	$notify_message = apply_filters( 'comment_moderation_text', $notify_message, $comment_id );

	/**
	 * Filters the comment moderation email subject.
	 *
	 * @since 1.5.2
	 *
	 * @param string $subject    Subject of the comment moderation email.
	 * @param int    $comment_id Comment ID.
	 */
	$subject = apply_filters( 'comment_moderation_subject', $subject, $comment_id );

	/**
	 * Filters the comment moderation email headers.
	 *
	 * @since 2.8.0
	 *
	 * @param string $message_headers Headers for the comment moderation email.
	 * @param int    $comment_id      Comment ID.
	 */
	$message_headers = apply_filters( 'comment_moderation_headers', $message_headers, $comment_id );

	foreach ( $emails as $email ) {
		@wp_mail( $email, wp_specialchars_decode( $subject ), $notify_message, $message_headers );
	}

	if ( $switched_locale ) {
		restore_previous_locale();
	}

	return true;
}
endif;

if ( !function_exists('wp_password_change_notification') ) :
/**
 * Notify the blog admin of a user changing password, normally via email.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 *
 * @param WP_User $user User object.
 */
function wp_password_change_notification( $user ) {
	// send a copy of password change notification to the admin
	// but check to see if it's the admin whose password we're changing, and skip this
	if ( 0 !== strcasecmp( $user->user_email, get_option( 'admin_email' ) ) ) {
		/* translators: %s: user name */
		$message = sprintf( __( 'Password changed for user: %s' ), $user->user_login ) . "\r\n";
		// The blogname option is escaped with esc_html on the way into the database in sanitize_option
		// we want to reverse this for the plain text arena of emails.
		$blogname = wp_specialchars_decode(get_option('blogname'), ENT_QUOTES);

		$wp_password_change_notification_email = array(
			'to'      => get_option( 'admin_email' ),
			/* translators: Password change notification email subject. %s: Site title */
			'subject' => __( '[%s] Password Changed' ),
			'message' => $message,
			'headers' => '',
		);

		/**
		 * Filters the contents of the password change notification email sent to the site admin.
		 *
		 * @since 4.9.0
		 *
		 * @param array   $wp_password_change_notification_email {
		 *     Used to build wp_mail().
		 *
		 *     @type string $to      The intended recipient - site admin email address.
		 *     @type string $subject The subject of the email.
		 *     @type string $message The body of the email.
		 *     @type string $headers The headers of the email.
		 * }
		 * @param WP_User $user     User object for user whose password was changed.
		 * @param string  $blogname The site title.
		 */
		$wp_password_change_notification_email = apply_filters( 'wp_password_change_notification_email', $wp_password_change_notification_email, $user, $blogname );

		wp_mail(
			$wp_password_change_notification_email['to'],
			wp_specialchars_decode( sprintf( $wp_password_change_notification_email['subject'], $blogname ) ),
			$wp_password_change_notification_email['message'],
			$wp_password_change_notification_email['headers']
		);
	}
}
endif;

if ( !function_exists('wp_new_user_notification') ) :
/**
 * Email login credentials to a newly-registered user.
 *
 * A new user registration notification is also sent to admin email.
 *
 * @since 2.0.0
 * @since 4.3.0 The `$plaintext_pass` parameter was changed to `$notify`.
 * @since 4.3.1 The `$plaintext_pass` parameter was deprecated. `$notify` added as a third parameter.
 * @since 4.6.0 The `$notify` parameter accepts 'user' for sending notification only to the user created.
 *
 * @global wpdb         $wpdb      WordPress database object for queries.
 * @global PasswordHash $wp_hasher Portable PHP password hashing framework instance.
 *
 * @param int    $user_id    User ID.
 * @param null   $deprecated Not used (argument deprecated).
 * @param string $notify     Optional. Type of notification that should happen. Accepts 'admin' or an empty
 *                           string (admin only), 'user', or 'both' (admin and user). Default empty.
 */
function wp_new_user_notification( $user_id, $deprecated = null, $notify = '' ) {
	if ( $deprecated !== null ) {
		_deprecated_argument( __FUNCTION__, '4.3.1' );
	}

	global $wpdb, $wp_hasher;
	$user = get_userdata( $user_id );

	// The blogname option is escaped with esc_html on the way into the database in sanitize_option
	// we want to reverse this for the plain text arena of emails.
	$blogname = wp_specialchars_decode(get_option('blogname'), ENT_QUOTES);

	if ( 'user' !== $notify ) {
		$switched_locale = switch_to_locale( get_locale() );

		/* translators: %s: site title */
		$message  = sprintf( __( 'New user registration on your site %s:' ), $blogname ) . "\r\n\r\n";
		/* translators: %s: user login */
		$message .= sprintf( __( 'Username: %s' ), $user->user_login ) . "\r\n\r\n";
		/* translators: %s: user email address */
		$message .= sprintf( __( 'Email: %s' ), $user->user_email ) . "\r\n";

		$wp_new_user_notification_email_admin = array(
			'to'      => get_option( 'admin_email' ),
			/* translators: Password change notification email subject. %s: Site title */
			'subject' => __( '[%s] New User Registration' ),
			'message' => $message,
			'headers' => '',
		);

		/**
		 * Filters the contents of the new user notification email sent to the site admin.
		 *
		 * @since 4.9.0
		 *
		 * @param array   $wp_new_user_notification_email {
		 *     Used to build wp_mail().
		 *
		 *     @type string $to      The intended recipient - site admin email address.
		 *     @type string $subject The subject of the email.
		 *     @type string $message The body of the email.
		 *     @type string $headers The headers of the email.
		 * }
		 * @param WP_User $user     User object for new user.
		 * @param string  $blogname The site title.
		 */
		$wp_new_user_notification_email_admin = apply_filters( 'wp_new_user_notification_email_admin', $wp_new_user_notification_email_admin, $user, $blogname );

		@wp_mail(
			$wp_new_user_notification_email_admin['to'],
			wp_specialchars_decode( sprintf( $wp_new_user_notification_email_admin['subject'], $blogname ) ),
			$wp_new_user_notification_email_admin['message'],
			$wp_new_user_notification_email_admin['headers']
		);

		if ( $switched_locale ) {
			restore_previous_locale();
		}
	}

	// `$deprecated was pre-4.3 `$plaintext_pass`. An empty `$plaintext_pass` didn't sent a user notification.
	if ( 'admin' === $notify || ( empty( $deprecated ) && empty( $notify ) ) ) {
		return;
	}

	// Generate something random for a password reset key.
	$key = wp_generate_password( 20, false );

	/** This action is documented in wp-login.php */
	do_action( 'retrieve_password_key', $user->user_login, $key );

	// Now insert the key, hashed, into the DB.
	if ( empty( $wp_hasher ) ) {
		require_once ABSPATH . WPINC . '/class-phpass.php';
		$wp_hasher = new PasswordHash( 8, true );
	}
	$hashed = time() . ':' . $wp_hasher->HashPassword( $key );
	$wpdb->update( $wpdb->users, array( 'user_activation_key' => $hashed ), array( 'user_login' => $user->user_login ) );

	$switched_locale = switch_to_locale( get_user_locale( $user ) );

	/* translators: %s: user login */
	$message = sprintf(__('Username: %s'), $user->user_login) . "\r\n\r\n";
	$message .= __('To set your password, visit the following address:') . "\r\n\r\n";
	$message .= '<' . network_site_url("wp-login.php?action=rp&key=$key&login=" . rawurlencode($user->user_login), 'login') . ">\r\n\r\n";

	$message .= wp_login_url() . "\r\n";

	$wp_new_user_notification_email = array(
		'to'      => $user->user_email,
		/* translators: Password change notification email subject. %s: Site title */
		'subject' => __( '[%s] Your username and password info' ),
		'message' => $message,
		'headers' => '',
	);

	/**
	 * Filters the contents of the new user notification email sent to the new user.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.0
	 *
	 * @param array   $wp_new_user_notification_email {
	 *     Used to build wp_mail().
	 *
	 *     @type string $to      The intended recipient - New user email address.
	 *     @type string $subject The subject of the email.
	 *     @type string $message The body of the email.
	 *     @type string $headers The headers of the email.
	 * }
	 * @param WP_User $user     User object for new user.
	 * @param string  $blogname The site title.
	 */
	$wp_new_user_notification_email = apply_filters( 'wp_new_user_notification_email', $wp_new_user_notification_email, $user, $blogname );

	wp_mail(
		$wp_new_user_notification_email['to'],
		wp_specialchars_decode( sprintf( $wp_new_user_notification_email['subject'], $blogname ) ),
		$wp_new_user_notification_email['message'],
		$wp_new_user_notification_email['headers']
	);

	if ( $switched_locale ) {
		restore_previous_locale();
	}
}
endif;

if ( !function_exists('wp_nonce_tick') ) :
/**
 * Get the time-dependent variable for nonce creation.
 *
 * A nonce has a lifespan of two ticks. Nonces in their second tick may be
 * updated, e.g. by autosave.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @return float Float value rounded up to the next highest integer.
 */
function wp_nonce_tick() {
	/**
	 * Filters the lifespan of nonces in seconds.
	 *
	 * @since 2.5.0
	 *
	 * @param int $lifespan Lifespan of nonces in seconds. Default 86,400 seconds, or one day.
	 */
	$nonce_life = apply_filters( 'nonce_life', DAY_IN_SECONDS );

	return ceil(time() / ( $nonce_life / 2 ));
}
endif;

if ( !function_exists('wp_verify_nonce') ) :
/**
 * Verify that correct nonce was used with time limit.
 *
 * The user is given an amount of time to use the token, so therefore, since the
 * UID and $action remain the same, the independent variable is the time.
 *
 * @since 2.0.3
 *
 * @param string     $nonce  Nonce that was used in the form to verify
 * @param string|int $action Should give context to what is taking place and be the same when nonce was created.
 * @return false|int False if the nonce is invalid, 1 if the nonce is valid and generated between
 *                   0-12 hours ago, 2 if the nonce is valid and generated between 12-24 hours ago.
 */
function wp_verify_nonce( $nonce, $action = -1 ) {
	$nonce = (string) $nonce;
	$user = wp_get_current_user();
	$uid = (int) $user->ID;
	if ( ! $uid ) {
		/**
		 * Filters whether the user who generated the nonce is logged out.
		 *
		 * @since 3.5.0
		 *
		 * @param int    $uid    ID of the nonce-owning user.
		 * @param string $action The nonce action.
		 */
		$uid = apply_filters( 'nonce_user_logged_out', $uid, $action );
	}

	if ( empty( $nonce ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	$token = wp_get_session_token();
	$i = wp_nonce_tick();

	// Nonce generated 0-12 hours ago
	$expected = substr( wp_hash( $i . '|' . $action . '|' . $uid . '|' . $token, 'nonce'), -12, 10 );
	if ( hash_equals( $expected, $nonce ) ) {
		return 1;
	}

	// Nonce generated 12-24 hours ago
	$expected = substr( wp_hash( ( $i - 1 ) . '|' . $action . '|' . $uid . '|' . $token, 'nonce' ), -12, 10 );
	if ( hash_equals( $expected, $nonce ) ) {
		return 2;
	}

	/**
	 * Fires when nonce verification fails.
	 *
	 * @since 4.4.0
	 *
	 * @param string     $nonce  The invalid nonce.
	 * @param string|int $action The nonce action.
	 * @param WP_User    $user   The current user object.
	 * @param string     $token  The user's session token.
	 */
	do_action( 'wp_verify_nonce_failed', $nonce, $action, $user, $token );

	// Invalid nonce
	return false;
}
endif;

if ( !function_exists('wp_create_nonce') ) :
/**
 * Creates a cryptographic token tied to a specific action, user, user session,
 * and window of time.
 *
 * @since 2.0.3
 * @since 4.0.0 Session tokens were integrated with nonce creation
 *
 * @param string|int $action Scalar value to add context to the nonce.
 * @return string The token.
 */
function wp_create_nonce($action = -1) {
	$user = wp_get_current_user();
	$uid = (int) $user->ID;
	if ( ! $uid ) {
		/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/pluggable.php */
		$uid = apply_filters( 'nonce_user_logged_out', $uid, $action );
	}

	$token = wp_get_session_token();
	$i = wp_nonce_tick();

	return substr( wp_hash( $i . '|' . $action . '|' . $uid . '|' . $token, 'nonce' ), -12, 10 );
}
endif;

if ( !function_exists('wp_salt') ) :
/**
 * Get salt to add to hashes.
 *
 * Salts are created using secret keys. Secret keys are located in two places:
 * in the database and in the wp-config.php file. The secret key in the database
 * is randomly generated and will be appended to the secret keys in wp-config.php.
 *
 * The secret keys in wp-config.php should be updated to strong, random keys to maximize
 * security. Below is an example of how the secret key constants are defined.
 * Do not paste this example directly into wp-config.php. Instead, have a
 * {@link https://api.wordpress.org/secret-key/1.1/salt/ secret key created} just
 * for you.
 *
 *     define('AUTH_KEY',         ' Xakm<o xQy rw4EMsLKM-?!T+,PFF})H4lzcW57AF0U@N@< >M%G4Yt>f`z]MON');
 *     define('SECURE_AUTH_KEY',  'LzJ}op]mr|6+![P}Ak:uNdJCJZd>(Hx.-Mh#Tz)pCIU#uGEnfFz|f ;;eU%/U^O~');
 *     define('LOGGED_IN_KEY',    '|i|Ux`9<p-h$aFf(qnT:sDO:D1P^wZ$$/Ra@miTJi9G;ddp_<q}6H1)o|a +&JCM');
 *     define('NONCE_KEY',        '%:R{[P|,s.KuMltH5}cI;/k<Gx~j!f0I)m_sIyu+&NJZ)-iO>z7X>QYR0Z_XnZ@|');
 *     define('AUTH_SALT',        'eZyT)-Naw]F8CwA*VaW#q*|.)g@o}||wf~@C-YSt}(dh_r6EbI#A,y|nU2{B#JBW');
 *     define('SECURE_AUTH_SALT', '!=oLUTXh,QW=H `}`L|9/^4-3 STz},T(w}W<I`.JjPi)<Bmf1v,HpGe}T1:Xt7n');
 *     define('LOGGED_IN_SALT',   '+XSqHc;@Q*K_b|Z?NC[3H!!EONbh.n<+=uKR:>*c(u`g~EJBf#8u#R{mUEZrozmm');
 *     define('NONCE_SALT',       'h`GXHhD>SLWVfg1(1(N{;.V!MoE(SfbA_ksP@&`+AycHcAV$+?@3q+rxV{%^VyKT');
 *
 * Salting passwords helps against tools which has stored hashed values of
 * common dictionary strings. The added values makes it harder to crack.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @link https://api.wordpress.org/secret-key/1.1/salt/ Create secrets for wp-config.php
 *
 * @staticvar array $cached_salts
 * @staticvar array $duplicated_keys
 *
 * @param string $scheme Authentication scheme (auth, secure_auth, logged_in, nonce)
 * @return string Salt value
 */
function wp_salt( $scheme = 'auth' ) {
	static $cached_salts = array();
	if ( isset( $cached_salts[ $scheme ] ) ) {
		/**
		 * Filters the WordPress salt.
		 *
		 * @since 2.5.0
		 *
		 * @param string $cached_salt Cached salt for the given scheme.
		 * @param string $scheme      Authentication scheme. Values include 'auth',
		 *                            'secure_auth', 'logged_in', and 'nonce'.
		 */
		return apply_filters( 'salt', $cached_salts[ $scheme ], $scheme );
	}

	static $duplicated_keys;
	if ( null === $duplicated_keys ) {
		$duplicated_keys = array( 'put your unique phrase here' => true );
		foreach ( array( 'AUTH', 'SECURE_AUTH', 'LOGGED_IN', 'NONCE', 'SECRET' ) as $first ) {
			foreach ( array( 'KEY', 'SALT' ) as $second ) {
				if ( ! defined( "{$first}_{$second}" ) ) {
					continue;
				}
				$value = constant( "{$first}_{$second}" );
				$duplicated_keys[ $value ] = isset( $duplicated_keys[ $value ] );
			}
		}
	}

	$values = array(
		'key' => '',
		'salt' => ''
	);
	if ( defined( 'SECRET_KEY' ) && SECRET_KEY && empty( $duplicated_keys[ SECRET_KEY ] ) ) {
		$values['key'] = SECRET_KEY;
	}
	if ( 'auth' == $scheme && defined( 'SECRET_SALT' ) && SECRET_SALT && empty( $duplicated_keys[ SECRET_SALT ] ) ) {
		$values['salt'] = SECRET_SALT;
	}

	if ( in_array( $scheme, array( 'auth', 'secure_auth', 'logged_in', 'nonce' ) ) ) {
		foreach ( array( 'key', 'salt' ) as $type ) {
			$const = strtoupper( "{$scheme}_{$type}" );
			if ( defined( $const ) && constant( $const ) && empty( $duplicated_keys[ constant( $const ) ] ) ) {
				$values[ $type ] = constant( $const );
			} elseif ( ! $values[ $type ] ) {
				$values[ $type ] = get_site_option( "{$scheme}_{$type}" );
				if ( ! $values[ $type ] ) {
					$values[ $type ] = wp_generate_password( 64, true, true );
					update_site_option( "{$scheme}_{$type}", $values[ $type ] );
				}
			}
		}
	} else {
		if ( ! $values['key'] ) {
			$values['key'] = get_site_option( 'secret_key' );
			if ( ! $values['key'] ) {
				$values['key'] = wp_generate_password( 64, true, true );
				update_site_option( 'secret_key', $values['key'] );
			}
		}
		$values['salt'] = hash_hmac( 'md5', $scheme, $values['key'] );
	}

	$cached_salts[ $scheme ] = $values['key'] . $values['salt'];

	/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/pluggable.php */
	return apply_filters( 'salt', $cached_salts[ $scheme ], $scheme );
}
endif;

if ( !function_exists('wp_hash') ) :
/**
 * Get hash of given string.
 *
 * @since 2.0.3
 *
 * @param string $data   Plain text to hash
 * @param string $scheme Authentication scheme (auth, secure_auth, logged_in, nonce)
 * @return string Hash of $data
 */
function wp_hash($data, $scheme = 'auth') {
	$salt = wp_salt($scheme);

	return hash_hmac('md5', $data, $salt);
}
endif;

if ( !function_exists('wp_hash_password') ) :
/**
 * Create a hash (encrypt) of a plain text password.
 *
 * For integration with other applications, this function can be overwritten to
 * instead use the other package password checking algorithm.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @global PasswordHash $wp_hasher PHPass object
 *
 * @param string $password Plain text user password to hash
 * @return string The hash string of the password
 */
function wp_hash_password($password) {
	global $wp_hasher;

	if ( empty($wp_hasher) ) {
		require_once( ABSPATH . WPINC . '/class-phpass.php');
		// By default, use the portable hash from phpass
		$wp_hasher = new PasswordHash(8, true);
	}

	return $wp_hasher->HashPassword( trim( $password ) );
}
endif;

if ( !function_exists('wp_check_password') ) :
/**
 * Checks the plaintext password against the encrypted Password.
 *
 * Maintains compatibility between old version and the new cookie authentication
 * protocol using PHPass library. The $hash parameter is the encrypted password
 * and the function compares the plain text password when encrypted similarly
 * against the already encrypted password to see if they match.
 *
 * For integration with other applications, this function can be overwritten to
 * instead use the other package password checking algorithm.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @global PasswordHash $wp_hasher PHPass object used for checking the password
 *	against the $hash + $password
 * @uses PasswordHash::CheckPassword
 *
 * @param string     $password Plaintext user's password
 * @param string     $hash     Hash of the user's password to check against.
 * @param string|int $user_id  Optional. User ID.
 * @return bool False, if the $password does not match the hashed password
 */
function wp_check_password($password, $hash, $user_id = '') {
	global $wp_hasher;

	// If the hash is still md5...
	if ( strlen($hash) <= 32 ) {
		$check = hash_equals( $hash, md5( $password ) );
		if ( $check && $user_id ) {
			// Rehash using new hash.
			wp_set_password($password, $user_id);
			$hash = wp_hash_password($password);
		}

		/**
		 * Filters whether the plaintext password matches the encrypted password.
		 *
		 * @since 2.5.0
		 *
		 * @param bool       $check    Whether the passwords match.
		 * @param string     $password The plaintext password.
		 * @param string     $hash     The hashed password.
		 * @param string|int $user_id  User ID. Can be empty.
		 */
		return apply_filters( 'check_password', $check, $password, $hash, $user_id );
	}

	// If the stored hash is longer than an MD5, presume the
	// new style phpass portable hash.
	if ( empty($wp_hasher) ) {
		require_once( ABSPATH . WPINC . '/class-phpass.php');
		// By default, use the portable hash from phpass
		$wp_hasher = new PasswordHash(8, true);
	}

	$check = $wp_hasher->CheckPassword($password, $hash);

	/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/pluggable.php */
	return apply_filters( 'check_password', $check, $password, $hash, $user_id );
}
endif;

if ( !function_exists('wp_generate_password') ) :
/**
 * Generates a random password drawn from the defined set of characters.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @param int  $length              Optional. The length of password to generate. Default 12.
 * @param bool $special_chars       Optional. Whether to include standard special characters.
 *                                  Default true.
 * @param bool $extra_special_chars Optional. Whether to include other special characters.
 *                                  Used when generating secret keys and salts. Default false.
 * @return string The random password.
 */
function wp_generate_password( $length = 12, $special_chars = true, $extra_special_chars = false ) {
	$chars = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789';
	if ( $special_chars )
		$chars .= '!@#$%^&*()';
	if ( $extra_special_chars )
		$chars .= '-_ []{}<>~`+=,.;:/?|';

	$password = '';
	for ( $i = 0; $i < $length; $i++ ) {
		$password .= substr($chars, wp_rand(0, strlen($chars) - 1), 1);
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the randomly-generated password.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 *
	 * @param string $password The generated password.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'random_password', $password );
}
endif;

if ( !function_exists('wp_rand') ) :
/**
 * Generates a random number
 *
 * @since 2.6.2
 * @since 4.4.0 Uses PHP7 random_int() or the random_compat library if available.
 *
 * @global string $rnd_value
 * @staticvar string $seed
 * @staticvar bool $external_rand_source_available
 *
 * @param int $min Lower limit for the generated number
 * @param int $max Upper limit for the generated number
 * @return int A random number between min and max
 */
function wp_rand( $min = 0, $max = 0 ) {
	global $rnd_value;

	// Some misconfigured 32bit environments (Entropy PHP, for example) truncate integers larger than PHP_INT_MAX to PHP_INT_MAX rather than overflowing them to floats.
	$max_random_number = 3000000000 === 2147483647 ? (float) "4294967295" : 4294967295; // 4294967295 = 0xffffffff

	// We only handle Ints, floats are truncated to their integer value.
	$min = (int) $min;
	$max = (int) $max;

	// Use PHP's CSPRNG, or a compatible method
	static $use_random_int_functionality = true;
	if ( $use_random_int_functionality ) {
		try {
			$_max = ( 0 != $max ) ? $max : $max_random_number;
			// wp_rand() can accept arguments in either order, PHP cannot.
			$_max = max( $min, $_max );
			$_min = min( $min, $_max );
			$val = random_int( $_min, $_max );
			if ( false !== $val ) {
				return absint( $val );
			} else {
				$use_random_int_functionality = false;
			}
		} catch ( Error $e ) {
			$use_random_int_functionality = false;
		} catch ( Exception $e ) {
			$use_random_int_functionality = false;
		}
	}

	// Reset $rnd_value after 14 uses
	// 32(md5) + 40(sha1) + 40(sha1) / 8 = 14 random numbers from $rnd_value
	if ( strlen($rnd_value) < 8 ) {
		if ( defined( 'WP_SETUP_CONFIG' ) )
			static $seed = '';
		else
			$seed = get_transient('random_seed');
		$rnd_value = md5( uniqid(microtime() . mt_rand(), true ) . $seed );
		$rnd_value .= sha1($rnd_value);
		$rnd_value .= sha1($rnd_value . $seed);
		$seed = md5($seed . $rnd_value);
		if ( ! defined( 'WP_SETUP_CONFIG' ) && ! defined( 'WP_INSTALLING' ) ) {
			set_transient( 'random_seed', $seed );
		}
	}

	// Take the first 8 digits for our value
	$value = substr($rnd_value, 0, 8);

	// Strip the first eight, leaving the remainder for the next call to wp_rand().
	$rnd_value = substr($rnd_value, 8);

	$value = abs(hexdec($value));

	// Reduce the value to be within the min - max range
	if ( $max != 0 )
		$value = $min + ( $max - $min + 1 ) * $value / ( $max_random_number + 1 );

	return abs(intval($value));
}
endif;

if ( !function_exists('wp_set_password') ) :
/**
 * Updates the user's password with a new encrypted one.
 *
 * For integration with other applications, this function can be overwritten to
 * instead use the other package password checking algorithm.
 *
 * Please note: This function should be used sparingly and is really only meant for single-time
 * application. Leveraging this improperly in a plugin or theme could result in an endless loop
 * of password resets if precautions are not taken to ensure it does not execute on every page load.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param string $password The plaintext new user password
 * @param int    $user_id  User ID
 */
function wp_set_password( $password, $user_id ) {
	global $wpdb;

	$hash = wp_hash_password( $password );
	$wpdb->update($wpdb->users, array('user_pass' => $hash, 'user_activation_key' => ''), array('ID' => $user_id) );

	wp_cache_delete($user_id, 'users');
}
endif;

if ( !function_exists( 'get_avatar' ) ) :
/**
 * Retrieve the avatar `<img>` tag for a user, email address, MD5 hash, comment, or post.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 * @since 4.2.0 Optional `$args` parameter added.
 *
 * @param mixed $id_or_email The Gravatar to retrieve. Accepts a user_id, gravatar md5 hash,
 *                           user email, WP_User object, WP_Post object, or WP_Comment object.
 * @param int    $size       Optional. Height and width of the avatar image file in pixels. Default 96.
 * @param string $default    Optional. URL for the default image or a default type. Accepts '404'
 *                           (return a 404 instead of a default image), 'retro' (8bit), 'monsterid'
 *                           (monster), 'wavatar' (cartoon face), 'indenticon' (the "quilt"),
 *                           'mystery', 'mm', or 'mysteryman' (The Oyster Man), 'blank' (transparent GIF),
 *                           or 'gravatar_default' (the Gravatar logo). Default is the value of the
 *                           'avatar_default' option, with a fallback of 'mystery'.
 * @param string $alt        Optional. Alternative text to use in &lt;img&gt; tag. Default empty.
 * @param array  $args       {
 *     Optional. Extra arguments to retrieve the avatar.
 *
 *     @type int          $height        Display height of the avatar in pixels. Defaults to $size.
 *     @type int          $width         Display width of the avatar in pixels. Defaults to $size.
 *     @type bool         $force_default Whether to always show the default image, never the Gravatar. Default false.
 *     @type string       $rating        What rating to display avatars up to. Accepts 'G', 'PG', 'R', 'X', and are
 *                                       judged in that order. Default is the value of the 'avatar_rating' option.
 *     @type string       $scheme        URL scheme to use. See set_url_scheme() for accepted values.
 *                                       Default null.
 *     @type array|string $class         Array or string of additional classes to add to the &lt;img&gt; element.
 *                                       Default null.
 *     @type bool         $force_display Whether to always show the avatar - ignores the show_avatars option.
 *                                       Default false.
 *     @type string       $extra_attr    HTML attributes to insert in the IMG element. Is not sanitized. Default empty.
 * }
 * @return false|string `<img>` tag for the user's avatar. False on failure.
 */
function get_avatar( $id_or_email, $size = 96, $default = '', $alt = '', $args = null ) {
	$defaults = array(
		// get_avatar_data() args.
		'size'          => 96,
		'height'        => null,
		'width'         => null,
		'default'       => get_option( 'avatar_default', 'mystery' ),
		'force_default' => false,
		'rating'        => get_option( 'avatar_rating' ),
		'scheme'        => null,
		'alt'           => '',
		'class'         => null,
		'force_display' => false,
		'extra_attr'    => '',
	);

	if ( empty( $args ) ) {
		$args = array();
	}

	$args['size']    = (int) $size;
	$args['default'] = $default;
	$args['alt']     = $alt;

	$args = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults );

	if ( empty( $args['height'] ) ) {
		$args['height'] = $args['size'];
	}
	if ( empty( $args['width'] ) ) {
		$args['width'] = $args['size'];
	}

	if ( is_object( $id_or_email ) && isset( $id_or_email->comment_ID ) ) {
		$id_or_email = get_comment( $id_or_email );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters whether to retrieve the avatar URL early.
	 *
	 * Passing a non-null value will effectively short-circuit get_avatar(), passing
	 * the value through the {@see 'get_avatar'} filter and returning early.
	 *
	 * @since 4.2.0
	 *
	 * @param string $avatar      HTML for the user's avatar. Default null.
	 * @param mixed  $id_or_email The Gravatar to retrieve. Accepts a user_id, gravatar md5 hash,
	 *                            user email, WP_User object, WP_Post object, or WP_Comment object.
	 * @param array  $args        Arguments passed to get_avatar_url(), after processing.
	 */
	$avatar = apply_filters( 'pre_get_avatar', null, $id_or_email, $args );

	if ( ! is_null( $avatar ) ) {
		/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/pluggable.php */
		return apply_filters( 'get_avatar', $avatar, $id_or_email, $args['size'], $args['default'], $args['alt'], $args );
	}

	if ( ! $args['force_display'] && ! get_option( 'show_avatars' ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	$url2x = get_avatar_url( $id_or_email, array_merge( $args, array( 'size' => $args['size'] * 2 ) ) );

	$args = get_avatar_data( $id_or_email, $args );

	$url = $args['url'];

	if ( ! $url || is_wp_error( $url ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	$class = array( 'avatar', 'avatar-' . (int) $args['size'], 'photo' );

	if ( ! $args['found_avatar'] || $args['force_default'] ) {
		$class[] = 'avatar-default';
	}

	if ( $args['class'] ) {
		if ( is_array( $args['class'] ) ) {
			$class = array_merge( $class, $args['class'] );
		} else {
			$class[] = $args['class'];
		}
	}

	$avatar = sprintf(
		"<img alt='%s' src='%s' srcset='%s' class='%s' height='%d' width='%d' %s/>",
		esc_attr( $args['alt'] ),
		esc_url( $url ),
		esc_url( $url2x ) . ' 2x',
		esc_attr( join( ' ', $class ) ),
		(int) $args['height'],
		(int) $args['width'],
		$args['extra_attr']
	);

	/**
	 * Filters the avatar to retrieve.
	 *
	 * @since 2.5.0
	 * @since 4.2.0 The `$args` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param string $avatar      &lt;img&gt; tag for the user's avatar.
	 * @param mixed  $id_or_email The Gravatar to retrieve. Accepts a user_id, gravatar md5 hash,
	 *                            user email, WP_User object, WP_Post object, or WP_Comment object.
	 * @param int    $size        Square avatar width and height in pixels to retrieve.
	 * @param string $default     URL for the default image or a default type. Accepts '404', 'retro', 'monsterid',
	 *                            'wavatar', 'indenticon','mystery' (or 'mm', or 'mysteryman'), 'blank', or 'gravatar_default'.
	 *                            Default is the value of the 'avatar_default' option, with a fallback of 'mystery'.
	 * @param string $alt         Alternative text to use in the avatar image tag. Default empty.
	 * @param array  $args        Arguments passed to get_avatar_data(), after processing.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'get_avatar', $avatar, $id_or_email, $args['size'], $args['default'], $args['alt'], $args );
}
endif;

if ( !function_exists( 'wp_text_diff' ) ) :
/**
 * Displays a human readable HTML representation of the difference between two strings.
 *
 * The Diff is available for getting the changes between versions. The output is
 * HTML, so the primary use is for displaying the changes. If the two strings
 * are equivalent, then an empty string will be returned.
 *
 * The arguments supported and can be changed are listed below.
 *
 * 'title' : Default is an empty string. Titles the diff in a manner compatible
 *		with the output.
 * 'title_left' : Default is an empty string. Change the HTML to the left of the
 *		title.
 * 'title_right' : Default is an empty string. Change the HTML to the right of
 *		the title.
 *
 * @since 2.6.0
 *
 * @see wp_parse_args() Used to change defaults to user defined settings.
 * @uses Text_Diff
 * @uses WP_Text_Diff_Renderer_Table
 *
 * @param string       $left_string  "old" (left) version of string
 * @param string       $right_string "new" (right) version of string
 * @param string|array $args         Optional. Change 'title', 'title_left', and 'title_right' defaults.
 * @return string Empty string if strings are equivalent or HTML with differences.
 */
function wp_text_diff( $left_string, $right_string, $args = null ) {
	$defaults = array( 'title' => '', 'title_left' => '', 'title_right' => '' );
	$args = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults );

	if ( ! class_exists( 'WP_Text_Diff_Renderer_Table', false ) )
		require( ABSPATH . WPINC . '/wp-diff.php' );

	$left_string  = normalize_whitespace($left_string);
	$right_string = normalize_whitespace($right_string);

	$left_lines  = explode("\n", $left_string);
	$right_lines = explode("\n", $right_string);
	$text_diff = new Text_Diff($left_lines, $right_lines);
	$renderer  = new WP_Text_Diff_Renderer_Table( $args );
	$diff = $renderer->render($text_diff);

	if ( !$diff )
		return '';

	$r  = "<table class='diff'>\n";

	if ( ! empty( $args[ 'show_split_view' ] ) ) {
		$r .= "<col class='content diffsplit left' /><col class='content diffsplit middle' /><col class='content diffsplit right' />";
	} else {
		$r .= "<col class='content' />";
	}

	if ( $args['title'] || $args['title_left'] || $args['title_right'] )
		$r .= "<thead>";
	if ( $args['title'] )
		$r .= "<tr class='diff-title'><th colspan='4'>$args[title]</th></tr>\n";
	if ( $args['title_left'] || $args['title_right'] ) {
		$r .= "<tr class='diff-sub-title'>\n";
		$r .= "\t<td></td><th>$args[title_left]</th>\n";
		$r .= "\t<td></td><th>$args[title_right]</th>\n";
		$r .= "</tr>\n";
	}
	if ( $args['title'] || $args['title_left'] || $args['title_right'] )
		$r .= "</thead>\n";

	$r .= "<tbody>\n$diff\n</tbody>\n";
	$r .= "</table>";

	return $r;
}
endif;