_term", $term_id, $tt_id, $taxonomy );

	/**
	 * Fires after a new term is created for a specific taxonomy.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$taxonomy`, refers
	 * to the slug of the taxonomy the term was created for.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 *
	 * @param int $term_id Term ID.
	 * @param int $tt_id   Term taxonomy ID.
	 */
	do_action( "create_{$taxonomy}", $term_id, $tt_id );

	/**
	 * Filters the term ID after a new term is created.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 *
	 * @param int $term_id Term ID.
	 * @param int $tt_id   Taxonomy term ID.
	 */
	$term_id = apply_filters( 'term_id_filter', $term_id, $tt_id );

	clean_term_cache($term_id, $taxonomy);

	/**
	 * Fires after a new term is created, and after the term cache has been cleaned.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 *
	 * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
	 * @param int    $tt_id    Term taxonomy ID.
	 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
	 */
	do_action( 'created_term', $term_id, $tt_id, $taxonomy );

	/**
	 * Fires after a new term in a specific taxonomy is created, and after the term
	 * cache has been cleaned.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$taxonomy`, refers to the taxonomy slug.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 *
	 * @param int $term_id Term ID.
	 * @param int $tt_id   Term taxonomy ID.
	 */
	do_action( "created_{$taxonomy}", $term_id, $tt_id );

	return array('term_id' => $term_id, 'term_taxonomy_id' => $tt_id);
}

/**
 * Create Term and Taxonomy Relationships.
 *
 * Relates an object (post, link etc) to a term and taxonomy type. Creates the
 * term and taxonomy relationship if it doesn't already exist. Creates a term if
 * it doesn't exist (using the slug).
 *
 * A relationship means that the term is grouped in or belongs to the taxonomy.
 * A term has no meaning until it is given context by defining which taxonomy it
 * exists under.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb The WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int              $object_id The object to relate to.
 * @param string|int|array $terms     A single term slug, single term id, or array of either term slugs or ids.
 *                                    Will replace all existing related terms in this taxonomy. Passing an
 *                                    empty value will remove all related terms.
 * @param string           $taxonomy  The context in which to relate the term to the object.
 * @param bool             $append    Optional. If false will delete difference of terms. Default false.
 * @return array|WP_Error Term taxonomy IDs of the affected terms.
 */
function wp_set_object_terms( $object_id, $terms, $taxonomy, $append = false ) {
	global $wpdb;

	$object_id = (int) $object_id;

	if ( ! taxonomy_exists( $taxonomy ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Invalid taxonomy.' ) );
	}

	if ( !is_array($terms) )
		$terms = array($terms);

	if ( ! $append )
		$old_tt_ids =  wp_get_object_terms($object_id, $taxonomy, array('fields' => 'tt_ids', 'orderby' => 'none'));
	else
		$old_tt_ids = array();

	$tt_ids = array();
	$term_ids = array();
	$new_tt_ids = array();

	foreach ( (array) $terms as $term) {
		if ( !strlen(trim($term)) )
			continue;

		if ( !$term_info = term_exists($term, $taxonomy) ) {
			// Skip if a non-existent term ID is passed.
			if ( is_int($term) )
				continue;
			$term_info = wp_insert_term($term, $taxonomy);
		}
		if ( is_wp_error($term_info) )
			return $term_info;
		$term_ids[] = $term_info['term_id'];
		$tt_id = $term_info['term_taxonomy_id'];
		$tt_ids[] = $tt_id;

		if ( $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT term_taxonomy_id FROM $wpdb->term_relationships WHERE object_id = %d AND term_taxonomy_id = %d", $object_id, $tt_id ) ) )
			continue;

		/**
		 * Fires immediately before an object-term relationship is added.
		 *
		 * @since 2.9.0
		 * @since 4.7.0 Added the `$taxonomy` parameter.
		 *
		 * @param int    $object_id Object ID.
		 * @param int    $tt_id     Term taxonomy ID.
		 * @param string $taxonomy  Taxonomy slug.
		 */
		do_action( 'add_term_relationship', $object_id, $tt_id, $taxonomy );
		$wpdb->insert( $wpdb->term_relationships, array( 'object_id' => $object_id, 'term_taxonomy_id' => $tt_id ) );

		/**
		 * Fires immediately after an object-term relationship is added.
		 *
		 * @since 2.9.0
		 * @since 4.7.0 Added the `$taxonomy` parameter.
		 *
		 * @param int    $object_id Object ID.
		 * @param int    $tt_id     Term taxonomy ID.
		 * @param string $taxonomy  Taxonomy slug.
		 */
		do_action( 'added_term_relationship', $object_id, $tt_id, $taxonomy );
		$new_tt_ids[] = $tt_id;
	}

	if ( $new_tt_ids )
		wp_update_term_count( $new_tt_ids, $taxonomy );

	if ( ! $append ) {
		$delete_tt_ids = array_diff( $old_tt_ids, $tt_ids );

		if ( $delete_tt_ids ) {
			$in_delete_tt_ids = "'" . implode( "', '", $delete_tt_ids ) . "'";
			$delete_term_ids = $wpdb->get_col( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT tt.term_id FROM $wpdb->term_taxonomy AS tt WHERE tt.taxonomy = %s AND tt.term_taxonomy_id IN ($in_delete_tt_ids)", $taxonomy ) );
			$delete_term_ids = array_map( 'intval', $delete_term_ids );

			$remove = wp_remove_object_terms( $object_id, $delete_term_ids, $taxonomy );
			if ( is_wp_error( $remove ) ) {
				return $remove;
			}
		}
	}

	$t = get_taxonomy($taxonomy);
	if ( ! $append && isset($t->sort) && $t->sort ) {
		$values = array();
		$term_order = 0;
		$final_tt_ids = wp_get_object_terms($object_id, $taxonomy, array('fields' => 'tt_ids'));
		foreach ( $tt_ids as $tt_id )
			if ( in_array($tt_id, $final_tt_ids) )
				$values[] = $wpdb->prepare( "(%d, %d, %d)", $object_id, $tt_id, ++$term_order);
		if ( $values )
			if ( false === $wpdb->query( "INSERT INTO $wpdb->term_relationships (object_id, term_taxonomy_id, term_order) VALUES " . join( ',', $values ) . " ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE term_order = VALUES(term_order)" ) )
				return new WP_Error( 'db_insert_error', __( 'Could not insert term relationship into the database.' ), $wpdb->last_error );
	}

	wp_cache_delete( $object_id, $taxonomy . '_relationships' );
	wp_cache_delete( 'last_changed', 'terms' );

	/**
	 * Fires after an object's terms have been set.
	 *
	 * @since 2.8.0
	 *
	 * @param int    $object_id  Object ID.
	 * @param array  $terms      An array of object terms.
	 * @param array  $tt_ids     An array of term taxonomy IDs.
	 * @param string $taxonomy   Taxonomy slug.
	 * @param bool   $append     Whether to append new terms to the old terms.
	 * @param array  $old_tt_ids Old array of term taxonomy IDs.
	 */
	do_action( 'set_object_terms', $object_id, $terms, $tt_ids, $taxonomy, $append, $old_tt_ids );
	return $tt_ids;
}

/**
 * Add term(s) associated with a given object.
 *
 * @since 3.6.0
 *
 * @param int              $object_id The ID of the object to which the terms will be added.
 * @param string|int|array $terms     The slug(s) or ID(s) of the term(s) to add.
 * @param array|string     $taxonomy  Taxonomy name.
 * @return array|WP_Error Term taxonomy IDs of the affected terms.
 */
function wp_add_object_terms( $object_id, $terms, $taxonomy ) {
	return wp_set_object_terms( $object_id, $terms, $taxonomy, true );
}

/**
 * Remove term(s) associated with a given object.
 *
 * @since 3.6.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int              $object_id The ID of the object from which the terms will be removed.
 * @param string|int|array $terms     The slug(s) or ID(s) of the term(s) to remove.
 * @param array|string     $taxonomy  Taxonomy name.
 * @return bool|WP_Error True on success, false or WP_Error on failure.
 */
function wp_remove_object_terms( $object_id, $terms, $taxonomy ) {
	global $wpdb;

	$object_id = (int) $object_id;

	if ( ! taxonomy_exists( $taxonomy ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Invalid taxonomy.' ) );
	}

	if ( ! is_array( $terms ) ) {
		$terms = array( $terms );
	}

	$tt_ids = array();

	foreach ( (array) $terms as $term ) {
		if ( ! strlen( trim( $term ) ) ) {
			continue;
		}

		if ( ! $term_info = term_exists( $term, $taxonomy ) ) {
			// Skip if a non-existent term ID is passed.
			if ( is_int( $term ) ) {
				continue;
			}
		}

		if ( is_wp_error( $term_info ) ) {
			return $term_info;
		}

		$tt_ids[] = $term_info['term_taxonomy_id'];
	}

	if ( $tt_ids ) {
		$in_tt_ids = "'" . implode( "', '", $tt_ids ) . "'";

		/**
		 * Fires immediately before an object-term relationship is deleted.
		 *
		 * @since 2.9.0
		 * @since 4.7.0 Added the `$taxonomy` parameter.
		 *
		 * @param int   $object_id Object ID.
		 * @param array $tt_ids    An array of term taxonomy IDs.
		 * @param string $taxonomy  Taxonomy slug.
		 */
		do_action( 'delete_term_relationships', $object_id, $tt_ids, $taxonomy );
		$deleted = $wpdb->query( $wpdb->prepare( "DELETE FROM $wpdb->term_relationships WHERE object_id = %d AND term_taxonomy_id IN ($in_tt_ids)", $object_id ) );

		wp_cache_delete( $object_id, $taxonomy . '_relationships' );
		wp_cache_delete( 'last_changed', 'terms' );

		/**
		 * Fires immediately after an object-term relationship is deleted.
		 *
		 * @since 2.9.0
		 * @since 4.7.0 Added the `$taxonomy` parameter.
		 *
		 * @param int    $object_id Object ID.
		 * @param array  $tt_ids    An array of term taxonomy IDs.
		 * @param string $taxonomy  Taxonomy slug.
		 */
		do_action( 'deleted_term_relationships', $object_id, $tt_ids, $taxonomy );

		wp_update_term_count( $tt_ids, $taxonomy );

		return (bool) $deleted;
	}

	return false;
}

/**
 * Will make slug unique, if it isn't already.
 *
 * The `$slug` has to be unique global to every taxonomy, meaning that one
 * taxonomy term can't have a matching slug with another taxonomy term. Each
 * slug has to be globally unique for every taxonomy.
 *
 * The way this works is that if the taxonomy that the term belongs to is
 * hierarchical and has a parent, it will append that parent to the $slug.
 *
 * If that still doesn't return an unique slug, then it try to append a number
 * until it finds a number that is truly unique.
 *
 * The only purpose for `$term` is for appending a parent, if one exists.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param string $slug The string that will be tried for a unique slug.
 * @param object $term The term object that the `$slug` will belong to.
 * @return string Will return a true unique slug.
 */
function wp_unique_term_slug( $slug, $term ) {
	global $wpdb;

	$needs_suffix = true;
	$original_slug = $slug;

	// As of 4.1, duplicate slugs are allowed as long as they're in different taxonomies.
	if ( ! term_exists( $slug ) || get_option( 'db_version' ) >= 30133 && ! get_term_by( 'slug', $slug, $term->taxonomy ) ) {
		$needs_suffix = false;
	}

	/*
	 * If the taxonomy supports hierarchy and the term has a parent, make the slug unique
	 * by incorporating parent slugs.
	 */
	$parent_suffix = '';
	if ( $needs_suffix && is_taxonomy_hierarchical( $term->taxonomy ) && ! empty( $term->parent ) ) {
		$the_parent = $term->parent;
		while ( ! empty($the_parent) ) {
			$parent_term = get_term($the_parent, $term->taxonomy);
			if ( is_wp_error($parent_term) || empty($parent_term) )
				break;
			$parent_suffix .= '-' . $parent_term->slug;
			if ( ! term_exists( $slug . $parent_suffix ) ) {
				break;
			}

			if ( empty($parent_term->parent) )
				break;
			$the_parent = $parent_term->parent;
		}
	}

	// If we didn't get a unique slug, try appending a number to make it unique.

	/**
	 * Filters whether the proposed unique term slug is bad.
	 *
	 * @since 4.3.0
	 *
	 * @param bool   $needs_suffix Whether the slug needs to be made unique with a suffix.
	 * @param string $slug         The slug.
	 * @param object $term         Term object.
	 */
	if ( apply_filters( 'wp_unique_term_slug_is_bad_slug', $needs_suffix, $slug, $term ) ) {
		if ( $parent_suffix ) {
			$slug .= $parent_suffix;
		} else {
			if ( ! empty( $term->term_id ) )
				$query = $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT slug FROM $wpdb->terms WHERE slug = %s AND term_id != %d", $slug, $term->term_id );
			else
				$query = $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT slug FROM $wpdb->terms WHERE slug = %s", $slug );

			if ( $wpdb->get_var( $query ) ) {
				$num = 2;
				do {
					$alt_slug = $slug . "-$num";
					$num++;
					$slug_check = $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT slug FROM $wpdb->terms WHERE slug = %s", $alt_slug ) );
				} while ( $slug_check );
				$slug = $alt_slug;
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the unique term slug.
	 *
	 * @since 4.3.0
	 *
	 * @param string $slug          Unique term slug.
	 * @param object $term          Term object.
	 * @param string $original_slug Slug originally passed to the function for testing.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'wp_unique_term_slug', $slug, $term, $original_slug );
}

/**
 * Update term based on arguments provided.
 *
 * The $args will indiscriminately override all values with the same field name.
 * Care must be taken to not override important information need to update or
 * update will fail (or perhaps create a new term, neither would be acceptable).
 *
 * Defaults will set 'alias_of', 'description', 'parent', and 'slug' if not
 * defined in $args already.
 *
 * 'alias_of' will create a term group, if it doesn't already exist, and update
 * it for the $term.
 *
 * If the 'slug' argument in $args is missing, then the 'name' in $args will be
 * used. It should also be noted that if you set 'slug' and it isn't unique then
 * a WP_Error will be passed back. If you don't pass any slug, then a unique one
 * will be created for you.
 *
 * For what can be overrode in `$args`, check the term scheme can contain and stay
 * away from the term keys.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int          $term_id  The ID of the term
 * @param string       $taxonomy The context in which to relate the term to the object.
 * @param array|string $args     Optional. Array of get_terms() arguments. Default empty array.
 * @return array|WP_Error Returns Term ID and Taxonomy Term ID
 */
function wp_update_term( $term_id, $taxonomy, $args = array() ) {
	global $wpdb;

	if ( ! taxonomy_exists( $taxonomy ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Invalid taxonomy.' ) );
	}

	$term_id = (int) $term_id;

	// First, get all of the original args
	$term = get_term( $term_id, $taxonomy );

	if ( is_wp_error( $term ) ) {
		return $term;
	}

	if ( ! $term ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_term', __( 'Empty Term.' ) );
	}

	$term = (array) $term->data;

	// Escape data pulled from DB.
	$term = wp_slash( $term );

	// Merge old and new args with new args overwriting old ones.
	$args = array_merge($term, $args);

	$defaults = array( 'alias_of' => '', 'description' => '', 'parent' => 0, 'slug' => '');
	$args = wp_parse_args($args, $defaults);
	$args = sanitize_term($args, $taxonomy, 'db');
	$parsed_args = $args;

	// expected_slashed ($name)
	$name = wp_unslash( $args['name'] );
	$description = wp_unslash( $args['description'] );

	$parsed_args['name'] = $name;
	$parsed_args['description'] = $description;

	if ( '' == trim( $name ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'empty_term_name', __( 'A name is required for this term.' ) );
	}

	if ( $parsed_args['parent'] > 0 && ! term_exists( (int) $parsed_args['parent'] ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'missing_parent', __( 'Parent term does not exist.' ) );
	}

	$empty_slug = false;
	if ( empty( $args['slug'] ) ) {
		$empty_slug = true;
		$slug = sanitize_title($name);
	} else {
		$slug = $args['slug'];
	}

	$parsed_args['slug'] = $slug;

	$term_group = isset( $parsed_args['term_group'] ) ? $parsed_args['term_group'] : 0;
	if ( $args['alias_of'] ) {
		$alias = get_term_by( 'slug', $args['alias_of'], $taxonomy );
		if ( ! empty( $alias->term_group ) ) {
			// The alias we want is already in a group, so let's use that one.
			$term_group = $alias->term_group;
		} elseif ( ! empty( $alias->term_id ) ) {
			/*
			 * The alias is not in a group, so we create a new one
			 * and add the alias to it.
			 */
			$term_group = $wpdb->get_var("SELECT MAX(term_group) FROM $wpdb->terms") + 1;

			wp_update_term( $alias->term_id, $taxonomy, array(
				'term_group' => $term_group,
			) );
		}

		$parsed_args['term_group'] = $term_group;
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the term parent.
	 *
	 * Hook to this filter to see if it will cause a hierarchy loop.
	 *
	 * @since 3.1.0
	 *
	 * @param int    $parent      ID of the parent term.
	 * @param int    $term_id     Term ID.
	 * @param string $taxonomy    Taxonomy slug.
	 * @param array  $parsed_args An array of potentially altered update arguments for the given term.
	 * @param array  $args        An array of update arguments for the given term.
	 */
	$parent = apply_filters( 'wp_update_term_parent', $args['parent'], $term_id, $taxonomy, $parsed_args, $args );

	// Check for duplicate slug
	$duplicate = get_term_by( 'slug', $slug, $taxonomy );
	if ( $duplicate && $duplicate->term_id != $term_id ) {
		// If an empty slug was passed or the parent changed, reset the slug to something unique.
		// Otherwise, bail.
		if ( $empty_slug || ( $parent != $term['parent']) ) {
			$slug = wp_unique_term_slug($slug, (object) $args);
		} else {
			/* translators: 1: Taxonomy term slug */
			return new WP_Error( 'duplicate_term_slug', sprintf( __( 'The slug “%s” is already in use by another term.' ), $slug ) );
		}
	}

	$tt_id = (int) $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT tt.term_taxonomy_id FROM $wpdb->term_taxonomy AS tt INNER JOIN $wpdb->terms AS t ON tt.term_id = t.term_id WHERE tt.taxonomy = %s AND t.term_id = %d", $taxonomy, $term_id) );

	// Check whether this is a shared term that needs splitting.
	$_term_id = _split_shared_term( $term_id, $tt_id );
	if ( ! is_wp_error( $_term_id ) ) {
		$term_id = $_term_id;
	}

	/**
	 * Fires immediately before the given terms are edited.
	 *
	 * @since 2.9.0
	 *
	 * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
	 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
	 */
	do_action( 'edit_terms', $term_id, $taxonomy );

	$data = compact( 'name', 'slug', 'term_group' );

	/**
	 * Filters term data before it is updated in the database.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param array  $data     Term data to be updated.
	 * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
	 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
	 * @param array  $args     Arguments passed to wp_update_term().
	 */
	$data = apply_filters( 'wp_update_term_data', $data, $term_id, $taxonomy, $args );

	$wpdb->update( $wpdb->terms, $data, compact( 'term_id' ) );
	if ( empty($slug) ) {
		$slug = sanitize_title($name, $term_id);
		$wpdb->update( $wpdb->terms, compact( 'slug' ), compact( 'term_id' ) );
	}

	/**
	 * Fires immediately after the given terms are edited.
	 *
	 * @since 2.9.0
	 *
	 * @param int    $term_id  Term ID
	 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
	 */
	do_action( 'edited_terms', $term_id, $taxonomy );

	/**
	 * Fires immediate before a term-taxonomy relationship is updated.
	 *
	 * @since 2.9.0
	 *
	 * @param int    $tt_id    Term taxonomy ID.
	 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
	 */
	do_action( 'edit_term_taxonomy', $tt_id, $taxonomy );

	$wpdb->update( $wpdb->term_taxonomy, compact( 'term_id', 'taxonomy', 'description', 'parent' ), array( 'term_taxonomy_id' => $tt_id ) );

	/**
	 * Fires immediately after a term-taxonomy relationship is updated.
	 *
	 * @since 2.9.0
	 *
	 * @param int    $tt_id    Term taxonomy ID.
	 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
	 */
	do_action( 'edited_term_taxonomy', $tt_id, $taxonomy );

	/**
	 * Fires after a term has been updated, but before the term cache has been cleaned.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 *
	 * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
	 * @param int    $tt_id    Term taxonomy ID.
	 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
	 */
	do_action( "edit_term", $term_id, $tt_id, $taxonomy );

	/**
	 * Fires after a term in a specific taxonomy has been updated, but before the term
	 * cache has been cleaned.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$taxonomy`, refers to the taxonomy slug.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 *
	 * @param int $term_id Term ID.
	 * @param int $tt_id   Term taxonomy ID.
	 */
	do_action( "edit_{$taxonomy}", $term_id, $tt_id );

	/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/taxonomy.php */
	$term_id = apply_filters( 'term_id_filter', $term_id, $tt_id );

	clean_term_cache($term_id, $taxonomy);

	/**
	 * Fires after a term has been updated, and the term cache has been cleaned.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 *
	 * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
	 * @param int    $tt_id    Term taxonomy ID.
	 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
	 */
	do_action( "edited_term", $term_id, $tt_id, $taxonomy );

	/**
	 * Fires after a term for a specific taxonomy has been updated, and the term
	 * cache has been cleaned.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$taxonomy`, refers to the taxonomy slug.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 *
	 * @param int $term_id Term ID.
	 * @param int $tt_id   Term taxonomy ID.
	 */
	do_action( "edited_{$taxonomy}", $term_id, $tt_id );

	return array('term_id' => $term_id, 'term_taxonomy_id' => $tt_id);
}

/**
 * Enable or disable term counting.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @staticvar bool $_defer
 *
 * @param bool $defer Optional. Enable if true, disable if false.
 * @return bool Whether term counting is enabled or disabled.
 */
function wp_defer_term_counting($defer=null) {
	static $_defer = false;

	if ( is_bool($defer) ) {
		$_defer = $defer;
		// flush any deferred counts
		if ( !$defer )
			wp_update_term_count( null, null, true );
	}

	return $_defer;
}

/**
 * Updates the amount of terms in taxonomy.
 *
 * If there is a taxonomy callback applied, then it will be called for updating
 * the count.
 *
 * The default action is to count what the amount of terms have the relationship
 * of term ID. Once that is done, then update the database.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @staticvar array $_deferred
 *
 * @param int|array $terms       The term_taxonomy_id of the terms.
 * @param string    $taxonomy    The context of the term.
 * @param bool      $do_deferred Whether to flush the deferred term counts too. Default false.
 * @return bool If no terms will return false, and if successful will return true.
 */
function wp_update_term_count( $terms, $taxonomy, $do_deferred = false ) {
	static $_deferred = array();

	if ( $do_deferred ) {
		foreach ( (array) array_keys($_deferred) as $tax ) {
			wp_update_term_count_now( $_deferred[$tax], $tax );
			unset( $_deferred[$tax] );
		}
	}

	if ( empty($terms) )
		return false;

	if ( !is_array($terms) )
		$terms = array($terms);

	if ( wp_defer_term_counting() ) {
		if ( !isset($_deferred[$taxonomy]) )
			$_deferred[$taxonomy] = array();
		$_deferred[$taxonomy] = array_unique( array_merge($_deferred[$taxonomy], $terms) );
		return true;
	}

	return wp_update_term_count_now( $terms, $taxonomy );
}

/**
 * Perform term count update immediately.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @param array  $terms    The term_taxonomy_id of terms to update.
 * @param string $taxonomy The context of the term.
 * @return true Always true when complete.
 */
function wp_update_term_count_now( $terms, $taxonomy ) {
	$terms = array_map('intval', $terms);

	$taxonomy = get_taxonomy($taxonomy);
	if ( !empty($taxonomy->update_count_callback) ) {
		call_user_func($taxonomy->update_count_callback, $terms, $taxonomy);
	} else {
		$object_types = (array) $taxonomy->object_type;
		foreach ( $object_types as &$object_type ) {
			if ( 0 === strpos( $object_type, 'attachment:' ) )
				list( $object_type ) = explode( ':', $object_type );
		}

		if ( $object_types == array_filter( $object_types, 'post_type_exists' ) ) {
			// Only post types are attached to this taxonomy
			_update_post_term_count( $terms, $taxonomy );
		} else {
			// Default count updater
			_update_generic_term_count( $terms, $taxonomy );
		}
	}

	clean_term_cache($terms, '', false);

	return true;
}

//
// Cache
//

/**
 * Removes the taxonomy relationship to terms from the cache.
 *
 * Will remove the entire taxonomy relationship containing term `$object_id`. The
 * term IDs have to exist within the taxonomy `$object_type` for the deletion to
 * take place.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global bool $_wp_suspend_cache_invalidation
 *
 * @see get_object_taxonomies() for more on $object_type.
 *
 * @param int|array    $object_ids  Single or list of term object ID(s).
 * @param array|string $object_type The taxonomy object type.
 */
function clean_object_term_cache($object_ids, $object_type) {
	global $_wp_suspend_cache_invalidation;

	if ( ! empty( $_wp_suspend_cache_invalidation ) ) {
		return;
	}

	if ( !is_array($object_ids) )
		$object_ids = array($object_ids);

	$taxonomies = get_object_taxonomies( $object_type );

	foreach ( $object_ids as $id ) {
		foreach ( $taxonomies as $taxonomy ) {
			wp_cache_delete($id, "{$taxonomy}_relationships");
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Fires after the object term cache has been cleaned.
	 *
	 * @since 2.5.0
	 *
	 * @param array  $object_ids An array of object IDs.
	 * @param string $object_type Object type.
	 */
	do_action( 'clean_object_term_cache', $object_ids, $object_type );
}

/**
 * Will remove all of the term ids from the cache.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 * @global bool $_wp_suspend_cache_invalidation
 *
 * @param int|array $ids            Single or list of Term IDs.
 * @param string    $taxonomy       Optional. Can be empty and will assume `tt_ids`, else will use for context.
 *                                  Default empty.
 * @param bool      $clean_taxonomy Optional. Whether to clean taxonomy wide caches (true), or just individual
 *                                  term object caches (false). Default true.
 */
function clean_term_cache($ids, $taxonomy = '', $clean_taxonomy = true) {
	global $wpdb, $_wp_suspend_cache_invalidation;

	if ( ! empty( $_wp_suspend_cache_invalidation ) ) {
		return;
	}

	if ( !is_array($ids) )
		$ids = array($ids);

	$taxonomies = array();
	// If no taxonomy, assume tt_ids.
	if ( empty($taxonomy) ) {
		$tt_ids = array_map('intval', $ids);
		$tt_ids = implode(', ', $tt_ids);
		$terms = $wpdb->get_results("SELECT term_id, taxonomy FROM $wpdb->term_taxonomy WHERE term_taxonomy_id IN ($tt_ids)");
		$ids = array();
		foreach ( (array) $terms as $term ) {
			$taxonomies[] = $term->taxonomy;
			$ids[] = $term->term_id;
			wp_cache_delete( $term->term_id, 'terms' );
		}
		$taxonomies = array_unique($taxonomies);
	} else {
		$taxonomies = array($taxonomy);
		foreach ( $taxonomies as $taxonomy ) {
			foreach ( $ids as $id ) {
				wp_cache_delete( $id, 'terms' );
			}
		}
	}

	foreach ( $taxonomies as $taxonomy ) {
		if ( $clean_taxonomy ) {
			clean_taxonomy_cache( $taxonomy );
		}

		/**
		 * Fires once after each taxonomy's term cache has been cleaned.
		 *
		 * @since 2.5.0
		 * @since 4.5.0 Added the `$clean_taxonomy` parameter.
		 *
		 * @param array  $ids            An array of term IDs.
		 * @param string $taxonomy       Taxonomy slug.
		 * @param bool   $clean_taxonomy Whether or not to clean taxonomy-wide caches
		 */
		do_action( 'clean_term_cache', $ids, $taxonomy, $clean_taxonomy );
	}

	wp_cache_set( 'last_changed', microtime(), 'terms' );
}

/**
 * Clean the caches for a taxonomy.
 *
 * @since 4.9.0
 *
 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
 */
function clean_taxonomy_cache( $taxonomy ) {
	wp_cache_delete( 'all_ids', $taxonomy );
	wp_cache_delete( 'get', $taxonomy );

	// Regenerate cached hierarchy.
	delete_option( "{$taxonomy}_children" );
	_get_term_hierarchy( $taxonomy );

	/**
	 * Fires after a taxonomy's caches have been cleaned.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.0
	 *
	 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
	 */
	do_action( 'clean_taxonomy_cache', $taxonomy );
}

/**
 * Retrieves the taxonomy relationship to the term object id.
 *
 * Upstream functions (like get_the_terms() and is_object_in_term()) are
 * responsible for populating the object-term relationship cache. The current
 * function only fetches relationship data that is already in the cache.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 * @since 4.7.0 Returns a WP_Error object if get_term() returns an error for
 *              any of the matched terms.
 *
 * @param int    $id       Term object ID.
 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy name.
 * @return bool|array|WP_Error Array of `WP_Term` objects, if cached.
 *                             False if cache is empty for `$taxonomy` and `$id`.
 *                             WP_Error if get_term() returns an error object for any term.
 */
function get_object_term_cache( $id, $taxonomy ) {
	$_term_ids = wp_cache_get( $id, "{$taxonomy}_relationships" );

	// We leave the priming of relationship caches to upstream functions.
	if ( false === $_term_ids ) {
		return false;
	}

	// Backward compatibility for if a plugin is putting objects into the cache, rather than IDs.
	$term_ids = array();
	foreach ( $_term_ids as $term_id ) {
		if ( is_numeric( $term_id ) ) {
			$term_ids[] = intval( $term_id );
		} elseif ( isset( $term_id->term_id ) ) {
			$term_ids[] = intval( $term_id->term_id );
		}
	}

	// Fill the term objects.
	_prime_term_caches( $term_ids );

	$terms = array();
	foreach ( $term_ids as $term_id ) {
		$term = get_term( $term_id, $taxonomy );
		if ( is_wp_error( $term ) ) {
			return $term;
		}

		$terms[] = $term;
	}

	return $terms;
}

/**
 * Updates the cache for the given term object ID(s).
 *
 * Note: Due to performance concerns, great care should be taken to only update
 * term caches when necessary. Processing time can increase exponentially depending
 * on both the number of passed term IDs and the number of taxonomies those terms
 * belong to.
 *
 * Caches will only be updated for terms not already cached.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param string|array $object_ids  Comma-separated list or array of term object IDs.
 * @param array|string $object_type The taxonomy object type.
 * @return void|false False if all of the terms in `$object_ids` are already cached.
 */
function update_object_term_cache($object_ids, $object_type) {
	if ( empty($object_ids) )
		return;

	if ( !is_array($object_ids) )
		$object_ids = explode(',', $object_ids);

	$object_ids = array_map('intval', $object_ids);

	$taxonomies = get_object_taxonomies($object_type);

	$ids = array();
	foreach ( (array) $object_ids as $id ) {
		foreach ( $taxonomies as $taxonomy ) {
			if ( false === wp_cache_get($id, "{$taxonomy}_relationships") ) {
				$ids[] = $id;
				break;
			}
		}
	}

	if ( empty( $ids ) )
		return false;

	$terms = wp_get_object_terms( $ids, $taxonomies, array(
		'fields' => 'all_with_object_id',
		'orderby' => 'name',
		'update_term_meta_cache' => false,
	) );

	$object_terms = array();
	foreach ( (array) $terms as $term ) {
		$object_terms[ $term->object_id ][ $term->taxonomy ][] = $term->term_id;
	}

	foreach ( $ids as $id ) {
		foreach ( $taxonomies as $taxonomy ) {
			if ( ! isset($object_terms[$id][$taxonomy]) ) {
				if ( !isset($object_terms[$id]) )
					$object_terms[$id] = array();
				$object_terms[$id][$taxonomy] = array();
			}
		}
	}

	foreach ( $object_terms as $id => $value ) {
		foreach ( $value as $taxonomy => $terms ) {
			wp_cache_add( $id, $terms, "{$taxonomy}_relationships" );
		}
	}
}

/**
 * Updates Terms to Taxonomy in cache.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param array  $terms    List of term objects to change.
 * @param string $taxonomy Optional. Update Term to this taxonomy in cache. Default empty.
 */
function update_term_cache( $terms, $taxonomy = '' ) {
	foreach ( (array) $terms as $term ) {
		// Create a copy in case the array was passed by reference.
		$_term = clone $term;

		// Object ID should not be cached.
		unset( $_term->object_id );

		wp_cache_add( $term->term_id, $_term, 'terms' );
	}
}

//
// Private
//

/**
 * Retrieves children of taxonomy as Term IDs.
 *
 * @ignore
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy name.
 * @return array Empty if $taxonomy isn't hierarchical or returns children as Term IDs.
 */
function _get_term_hierarchy( $taxonomy ) {
	if ( !is_taxonomy_hierarchical($taxonomy) )
		return array();
	$children = get_option("{$taxonomy}_children");

	if ( is_array($children) )
		return $children;
	$children = array();
	$terms = get_terms($taxonomy, array('get' => 'all', 'orderby' => 'id', 'fields' => 'id=>parent'));
	foreach ( $terms as $term_id => $parent ) {
		if ( $parent > 0 )
			$children[$parent][] = $term_id;
	}
	update_option("{$taxonomy}_children", $children);

	return $children;
}

/**
 * Get the subset of $terms that are descendants of $term_id.
 *
 * If `$terms` is an array of objects, then _get_term_children() returns an array of objects.
 * If `$terms` is an array of IDs, then _get_term_children() returns an array of IDs.
 *
 * @access private
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param int    $term_id   The ancestor term: all returned terms should be descendants of `$term_id`.
 * @param array  $terms     The set of terms - either an array of term objects or term IDs - from which those that
 *                          are descendants of $term_id will be chosen.
 * @param string $taxonomy  The taxonomy which determines the hierarchy of the terms.
 * @param array  $ancestors Optional. Term ancestors that have already been identified. Passed by reference, to keep
 *                          track of found terms when recursing the hierarchy. The array of located ancestors is used
 *                          to prevent infinite recursion loops. For performance, `term_ids` are used as array keys,
 *                          with 1 as value. Default empty array.
 * @return array|WP_Error The subset of $terms that are descendants of $term_id.
 */
function _get_term_children( $term_id, $terms, $taxonomy, &$ancestors = array() ) {
	$empty_array = array();
	if ( empty($terms) )
		return $empty_array;

	$term_list = array();
	$has_children = _get_term_hierarchy($taxonomy);

	if  ( ( 0 != $term_id ) && ! isset($has_children[$term_id]) )
		return $empty_array;

	// Include the term itself in the ancestors array, so we can properly detect when a loop has occurred.
	if ( empty( $ancestors ) ) {
		$ancestors[ $term_id ] = 1;
	}

	foreach ( (array) $terms as $term ) {
		$use_id = false;
		if ( !is_object($term) ) {
			$term = get_term($term, $taxonomy);
			if ( is_wp_error( $term ) )
				return $term;
			$use_id = true;
		}

		// Don't recurse if we've already identified the term as a child - this indicates a loop.
		if ( isset( $ancestors[ $term->term_id ] ) ) {
			continue;
		}

		if ( $term->parent == $term_id ) {
			if ( $use_id )
				$term_list[] = $term->term_id;
			else
				$term_list[] = $term;

			if ( !isset($has_children[$term->term_id]) )
				continue;

			$ancestors[ $term->term_id ] = 1;

			if ( $children = _get_term_children( $term->term_id, $terms, $taxonomy, $ancestors) )
				$term_list = array_merge($term_list, $children);
		}
	}

	return $term_list;
}

/**
 * Add count of children to parent count.
 *
 * Recalculates term counts by including items from child terms. Assumes all
 * relevant children are already in the $terms argument.
 *
 * @access private
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param array  $terms    List of term objects (passed by reference).
 * @param string $taxonomy Term context.
 */
function _pad_term_counts( &$terms, $taxonomy ) {
	global $wpdb;

	// This function only works for hierarchical taxonomies like post categories.
	if ( !is_taxonomy_hierarchical( $taxonomy ) )
		return;

	$term_hier = _get_term_hierarchy($taxonomy);

	if ( empty($term_hier) )
		return;

	$term_items = array();
	$terms_by_id = array();
	$term_ids = array();

	foreach ( (array) $terms as $key => $term ) {
		$terms_by_id[$term->term_id] = & $terms[$key];
		$term_ids[$term->term_taxonomy_id] = $term->term_id;
	}

	// Get the object and term ids and stick them in a lookup table.
	$tax_obj = get_taxonomy($taxonomy);
	$object_types = esc_sql($tax_obj->object_type);
	$results = $wpdb->get_results("SELECT object_id, term_taxonomy_id FROM $wpdb->term_relationships INNER JOIN $wpdb->posts ON object_id = ID WHERE term_taxonomy_id IN (" . implode(',', array_keys($term_ids)) . ") AND post_type IN ('" . implode("', '", $object_types) . "') AND post_status = 'publish'");
	foreach ( $results as $row ) {
		$id = $term_ids[$row->term_taxonomy_id];
		$term_items[$id][$row->object_id] = isset($term_items[$id][$row->object_id]) ? ++$term_items[$id][$row->object_id] : 1;
	}

	// Touch every ancestor's lookup row for each post in each term.
	foreach ( $term_ids as $term_id ) {
		$child = $term_id;
		$ancestors = array();
		while ( !empty( $terms_by_id[$child] ) && $parent = $terms_by_id[$child]->parent ) {
			$ancestors[] = $child;
			if ( !empty( $term_items[$term_id] ) )
				foreach ( $term_items[$term_id] as $item_id => $touches ) {
					$term_items[$parent][$item_id] = isset($term_items[$parent][$item_id]) ? ++$term_items[$parent][$item_id]: 1;
				}
			$child = $parent;

			if ( in_array( $parent, $ancestors ) ) {
				break;
			}
		}
	}

	// Transfer the touched cells.
	foreach ( (array) $term_items as $id => $items )
		if ( isset($terms_by_id[$id]) )
			$terms_by_id[$id]->count = count($items);
}

/**
 * Adds any terms from the given IDs to the cache that do not already exist in cache.
 *
 * @since 4.6.0
 * @access private
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param array $term_ids          Array of term IDs.
 * @param bool  $update_meta_cache Optional. Whether to update the meta cache. Default true.
 */
function _prime_term_caches( $term_ids, $update_meta_cache = true ) {
	global $wpdb;

	$non_cached_ids = _get_non_cached_ids( $term_ids, 'terms' );
	if ( ! empty( $non_cached_ids ) ) {
		$fresh_terms = $wpdb->get_results( sprintf( "SELECT t.*, tt.* FROM $wpdb->terms AS t INNER JOIN $wpdb->term_taxonomy AS tt ON t.term_id = tt.term_id WHERE t.term_id IN (%s)", join( ",", array_map( 'intval', $non_cached_ids ) ) ) );

		update_term_cache( $fresh_terms, $update_meta_cache );

		if ( $update_meta_cache ) {
			update_termmeta_cache( $non_cached_ids );
		}
	}
}

//
// Default callbacks
//

/**
 * Will update term count based on object types of the current taxonomy.
 *
 * Private function for the default callback for post_tag and category
 * taxonomies.
 *
 * @access private
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param array  $terms    List of Term taxonomy IDs.
 * @param object $taxonomy Current taxonomy object of terms.
 */
function _update_post_term_count( $terms, $taxonomy ) {
	global $wpdb;

	$object_types = (array) $taxonomy->object_type;

	foreach ( $object_types as &$object_type )
		list( $object_type ) = explode( ':', $object_type );

	$object_types = array_unique( $object_types );

	if ( false !== ( $check_attachments = array_search( 'attachment', $object_types ) ) ) {
		unset( $object_types[ $check_attachments ] );
		$check_attachments = true;
	}

	if ( $object_types )
		$object_types = esc_sql( array_filter( $object_types, 'post_type_exists' ) );

	foreach ( (array) $terms as $term ) {
		$count = 0;

		// Attachments can be 'inherit' status, we need to base count off the parent's status if so.
		if ( $check_attachments )
			$count += (int) $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM $wpdb->term_relationships, $wpdb->posts p1 WHERE p1.ID = $wpdb->term_relationships.object_id AND ( post_status = 'publish' OR ( post_status = 'inherit' AND post_parent > 0 AND ( SELECT post_status FROM $wpdb->posts WHERE ID = p1.post_parent ) = 'publish' ) ) AND post_type = 'attachment' AND term_taxonomy_id = %d", $term ) );

		if ( $object_types )
			$count += (int) $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM $wpdb->term_relationships, $wpdb->posts WHERE $wpdb->posts.ID = $wpdb->term_relationships.object_id AND post_status = 'publish' AND post_type IN ('" . implode("', '", $object_types ) . "') AND term_taxonomy_id = %d", $term ) );

		/** This action is documented in wp-includes/taxonomy.php */
		do_action( 'edit_term_taxonomy', $term, $taxonomy->name );
		$wpdb->update( $wpdb->term_taxonomy, compact( 'count' ), array( 'term_taxonomy_id' => $term ) );

		/** This action is documented in wp-includes/taxonomy.php */
		do_action( 'edited_term_taxonomy', $term, $taxonomy->name );
	}
}

/**
 * Will update term count based on number of objects.
 *
 * Default callback for the 'link_category' taxonomy.
 *
 * @since 3.3.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param array  $terms    List of term taxonomy IDs.
 * @param object $taxonomy Current taxonomy object of terms.
 */
function _update_generic_term_count( $terms, $taxonomy ) {
	global $wpdb;

	foreach ( (array) $terms as $term ) {
		$count = $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM $wpdb->term_relationships WHERE term_taxonomy_id = %d", $term ) );

		/** This action is documented in wp-includes/taxonomy.php */
		do_action( 'edit_term_taxonomy', $term, $taxonomy->name );
		$wpdb->update( $wpdb->term_taxonomy, compact( 'count' ), array( 'term_taxonomy_id' => $term ) );

		/** This action is documented in wp-includes/taxonomy.php */
		do_action( 'edited_term_taxonomy', $term, $taxonomy->name );
	}
}

/**
 * Create a new term for a term_taxonomy item that currently shares its term
 * with another term_taxonomy.
 *
 * @ignore
 * @since 4.2.0
 * @since 4.3.0 Introduced `$record` parameter. Also, `$term_id` and
 *              `$term_taxonomy_id` can now accept objects.
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int|object $term_id          ID of the shared term, or the shared term object.
 * @param int|object $term_taxonomy_id ID of the term_taxonomy item to receive a new term, or the term_taxonomy object
 *                                     (corresponding to a row from the term_taxonomy table).
 * @param bool       $record           Whether to record data about the split term in the options table. The recording
 *                                     process has the potential to be resource-intensive, so during batch operations
 *                                     it can be beneficial to skip inline recording and do it just once, after the
 *                                     batch is processed. Only set this to `false` if you know what you are doing.
 *                                     Default: true.
 * @return int|WP_Error When the current term does not need to be split (or cannot be split on the current
 *                      database schema), `$term_id` is returned. When the term is successfully split, the
 *                      new term_id is returned. A WP_Error is returned for miscellaneous errors.
 */
function _split_shared_term( $term_id, $term_taxonomy_id, $record = true ) {
	global $wpdb;

	if ( is_object( $term_id ) ) {
		$shared_term = $term_id;
		$term_id = intval( $shared_term->term_id );
	}

	if ( is_object( $term_taxonomy_id ) ) {
		$term_taxonomy = $term_taxonomy_id;
		$term_taxonomy_id = intval( $term_taxonomy->term_taxonomy_id );
	}

	// If there are no shared term_taxonomy rows, there's nothing to do here.
	$shared_tt_count = $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM $wpdb->term_taxonomy tt WHERE tt.term_id = %d AND tt.term_taxonomy_id != %d", $term_id, $term_taxonomy_id ) );

	if ( ! $shared_tt_count ) {
		return $term_id;
	}

	/*
	 * Verify that the term_taxonomy_id passed to the function is actually associated with the term_id.
	 * If there's a mismatch, it may mean that the term is already split. Return the actual term_id from the db.
	 */
	$check_term_id = $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT term_id FROM $wpdb->term_taxonomy WHERE term_taxonomy_id = %d", $term_taxonomy_id ) );
	if ( $check_term_id != $term_id ) {
		return $check_term_id;
	}

	// Pull up data about the currently shared slug, which we'll use to populate the new one.
	if ( empty( $shared_term ) ) {
		$shared_term = $wpdb->get_row( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT t.* FROM $wpdb->terms t WHERE t.term_id = %d", $term_id ) );
	}

	$new_term_data = array(
		'name' => $shared_term->name,
		'slug' => $shared_term->slug,
		'term_group' => $shared_term->term_group,
	);

	if ( false === $wpdb->insert( $wpdb->terms, $new_term_data ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'db_insert_error', __( 'Could not split shared term.' ), $wpdb->last_error );
	}

	$new_term_id = (int) $wpdb->insert_id;

	// Update the existing term_taxonomy to point to the newly created term.
	$wpdb->update( $wpdb->term_taxonomy,
		array( 'term_id' => $new_term_id ),
		array( 'term_taxonomy_id' => $term_taxonomy_id )
	);

	// Reassign child terms to the new parent.
	if ( empty( $term_taxonomy ) ) {
		$term_taxonomy = $wpdb->get_row( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT * FROM $wpdb->term_taxonomy WHERE term_taxonomy_id = %d", $term_taxonomy_id ) );
	}

	$children_tt_ids = $wpdb->get_col( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT term_taxonomy_id FROM $wpdb->term_taxonomy WHERE parent = %d AND taxonomy = %s", $term_id, $term_taxonomy->taxonomy ) );
	if ( ! empty( $children_tt_ids ) ) {
		foreach ( $children_tt_ids as $child_tt_id ) {
			$wpdb->update( $wpdb->term_taxonomy,
				array( 'parent' => $new_term_id ),
				array( 'term_taxonomy_id' => $child_tt_id )
			);
			clean_term_cache( (int) $child_tt_id, '', false );
		}
	} else {
		// If the term has no children, we must force its taxonomy cache to be rebuilt separately.
		clean_term_cache( $new_term_id, $term_taxonomy->taxonomy, false );
	}

	clean_term_cache( $term_id, $term_taxonomy->taxonomy, false );

	/*
	 * Taxonomy cache clearing is delayed to avoid race conditions that may occur when
	 * regenerating the taxonomy's hierarchy tree.
	 */
	$taxonomies_to_clean = array( $term_taxonomy->taxonomy );

	// Clean the cache for term taxonomies formerly shared with the current term.
	$shared_term_taxonomies = $wpdb->get_col( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT taxonomy FROM $wpdb->term_taxonomy WHERE term_id = %d", $term_id ) );
	$taxonomies_to_clean = array_merge( $taxonomies_to_clean, $shared_term_taxonomies );

	foreach ( $taxonomies_to_clean as $taxonomy_to_clean ) {
		clean_taxonomy_cache( $taxonomy_to_clean );
	}

	// Keep a record of term_ids that have been split, keyed by old term_id. See wp_get_split_term().
	if ( $record ) {
		$split_term_data = get_option( '_split_terms', array() );
		if ( ! isset( $split_term_data[ $term_id ] ) ) {
			$split_term_data[ $term_id ] = array();
		}

		$split_term_data[ $term_id ][ $term_taxonomy->taxonomy ] = $new_term_id;
		update_option( '_split_terms', $split_term_data );
	}

	// If we've just split the final shared term, set the "finished" flag.
	$shared_terms_exist = $wpdb->get_results(
		"SELECT tt.term_id, t.*, count(*) as term_tt_count FROM {$wpdb->term_taxonomy} tt
		 LEFT JOIN {$wpdb->terms} t ON t.term_id = tt.term_id
		 GROUP BY t.term_id
		 HAVING term_tt_count > 1
		 LIMIT 1"
	);
	if ( ! $shared_terms_exist ) {
		update_option( 'finished_splitting_shared_terms', true );
	}

	/**
	 * Fires after a previously shared taxonomy term is split into two separate terms.
	 *
	 * @since 4.2.0
	 *
	 * @param int    $term_id          ID of the formerly shared term.
	 * @param int    $new_term_id      ID of the new term created for the $term_taxonomy_id.
	 * @param int    $term_taxonomy_id ID for the term_taxonomy row affected by the split.
	 * @param string $taxonomy         Taxonomy for the split term.
	 */
	do_action( 'split_shared_term', $term_id, $new_term_id, $term_taxonomy_id, $term_taxonomy->taxonomy );

	return $new_term_id;
}

/**
 * Splits a batch of shared taxonomy terms.
 *
 * @since 4.3.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 */
function _wp_batch_split_terms() {
	global $wpdb;

	$lock_name = 'term_split.lock';

	// Try to lock.
	$lock_result = $wpdb->query( $wpdb->prepare( "INSERT IGNORE INTO `$wpdb->options` ( `option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload` ) VALUES (%s, %s, 'no') /* LOCK */", $lock_name, time() ) );

	if ( ! $lock_result ) {
		$lock_result = get_option( $lock_name );

		// Bail if we were unable to create a lock, or if the existing lock is still valid.
		if ( ! $lock_result || ( $lock_result > ( time() - HOUR_IN_SECONDS ) ) ) {
			wp_schedule_single_event( time() + ( 5 * MINUTE_IN_SECONDS ), 'wp_split_shared_term_batch' );
			return;
		}
	}

	// Update the lock, as by this point we've definitely got a lock, just need to fire the actions.
	update_option( $lock_name, time() );

	// Get a list of shared terms (those with more than one associated row in term_taxonomy).
	$shared_terms = $wpdb->get_results(
		"SELECT tt.term_id, t.*, count(*) as term_tt_count FROM {$wpdb->term_taxonomy} tt
		 LEFT JOIN {$wpdb->terms} t ON t.term_id = tt.term_id
		 GROUP BY t.term_id
		 HAVING term_tt_count > 1
		 LIMIT 10"
	);

	// No more terms, we're done here.
	if ( ! $shared_terms ) {
		update_option( 'finished_splitting_shared_terms', true );
		delete_option( $lock_name );
		return;
	}

	// Shared terms found? We'll need to run this script again.
	wp_schedule_single_event( time() + ( 2 * MINUTE_IN_SECONDS ), 'wp_split_shared_term_batch' );

	// Rekey shared term array for faster lookups.
	$_shared_terms = array();
	foreach ( $shared_terms as $shared_term ) {
		$term_id = intval( $shared_term->term_id );
		$_shared_terms[ $term_id ] = $shared_term;
	}
	$shared_terms = $_shared_terms;

	// Get term taxonomy data for all shared terms.
	$shared_term_ids = implode( ',', array_keys( $shared_terms ) );
	$shared_tts = $wpdb->get_results( "SELECT * FROM {$wpdb->term_taxonomy} WHERE `term_id` IN ({$shared_term_ids})" );

	// Split term data recording is slow, so we do it just once, outside the loop.
	$split_term_data = get_option( '_split_terms', array() );
	$skipped_first_term = $taxonomies = array();
	foreach ( $shared_tts as $shared_tt ) {
		$term_id = intval( $shared_tt->term_id );

		// Don't split the first tt belonging to a given term_id.
		if ( ! isset( $skipped_first_term[ $term_id ] ) ) {
			$skipped_first_term[ $term_id ] = 1;
			continue;
		}

		if ( ! isset( $split_term_data[ $term_id ] ) ) {
			$split_term_data[ $term_id ] = array();
		}

		// Keep track of taxonomies whose hierarchies need flushing.
		if ( ! isset( $taxonomies[ $shared_tt->taxonomy ] ) ) {
			$taxonomies[ $shared_tt->taxonomy ] = 1;
		}

		// Split the term.
		$split_term_data[ $term_id ][ $shared_tt->taxonomy ] = _split_shared_term( $shared_terms[ $term_id ], $shared_tt, false );
	}

	// Rebuild the cached hierarchy for each affected taxonomy.
	foreach ( array_keys( $taxonomies ) as $tax ) {
		delete_option( "{$tax}_children" );
		_get_term_hierarchy( $tax );
	}

	update_option( '_split_terms', $split_term_data );

	delete_option( $lock_name );
}

/**
 * In order to avoid the _wp_batch_split_terms() job being accidentally removed,
 * check that it's still scheduled while we haven't finished splitting terms.
 *
 * @ignore
 * @since 4.3.0
 */
function _wp_check_for_scheduled_split_terms() {
	if ( ! get_option( 'finished_splitting_shared_terms' ) && ! wp_next_scheduled( 'wp_split_shared_term_batch' ) ) {
		wp_schedule_single_event( time() + MINUTE_IN_SECONDS, 'wp_split_shared_term_batch' );
	}
}

/**
 * Check default categories when a term gets split to see if any of them need to be updated.
 *
 * @ignore
 * @since 4.2.0
 *
 * @param int    $term_id          ID of the formerly shared term.
 * @param int    $new_term_id      ID of the new term created for the $term_taxonomy_id.
 * @param int    $term_taxonomy_id ID for the term_taxonomy row affected by the split.
 * @param string $taxonomy         Taxonomy for the split term.
 */
function _wp_check_split_default_terms( $term_id, $new_term_id, $term_taxonomy_id, $taxonomy ) {
	if ( 'category' != $taxonomy ) {
		return;
	}

	foreach ( array( 'default_category', 'default_link_category', 'default_email_category' ) as $option ) {
		if ( $term_id == get_option( $option, -1 ) ) {
			update_option( $option, $new_term_id );
		}
	}
}

/**
 * Check menu items when a term gets split to see if any of them need to be updated.
 *
 * @ignore
 * @since 4.2.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int    $term_id          ID of the formerly shared term.
 * @param int    $new_term_id      ID of the new term created for the $term_taxonomy_id.
 * @param int    $term_taxonomy_id ID for the term_taxonomy row affected by the split.
 * @param string $taxonomy         Taxonomy for the split term.
 */
function _wp_check_split_terms_in_menus( $term_id, $new_term_id, $term_taxonomy_id, $taxonomy ) {
	global $wpdb;
	$post_ids = $wpdb->get_col( $wpdb->prepare(
		"SELECT m1.post_id
		FROM {$wpdb->postmeta} AS m1
			INNER JOIN {$wpdb->postmeta} AS m2 ON ( m2.post_id = m1.post_id )
			INNER JOIN {$wpdb->postmeta} AS m3 ON ( m3.post_id = m1.post_id )
		WHERE ( m1.meta_key = '_menu_item_type' AND m1.meta_value = 'taxonomy' )
			AND ( m2.meta_key = '_menu_item_object' AND m2.meta_value = %s )
			AND ( m3.meta_key = '_menu_item_object_id' AND m3.meta_value = %d )",
		$taxonomy,
		$term_id
	) );

	if ( $post_ids ) {
		foreach ( $post_ids as $post_id ) {
			update_post_meta( $post_id, '_menu_item_object_id', $new_term_id, $term_id );
		}
	}
}

/**
 * If the term being split is a nav_menu, change associations.
 *
 * @ignore
 * @since 4.3.0
 *
 * @param int    $term_id          ID of the formerly shared term.
 * @param int    $new_term_id      ID of the new term created for the $term_taxonomy_id.
 * @param int    $term_taxonomy_id ID for the term_taxonomy row affected by the split.
 * @param string $taxonomy         Taxonomy for the split term.
 */
function _wp_check_split_nav_menu_terms( $term_id, $new_term_id, $term_taxonomy_id, $taxonomy ) {
	if ( 'nav_menu' !== $taxonomy ) {
		return;
	}

	// Update menu locations.
	$locations = get_nav_menu_locations();
	foreach ( $locations as $location => $menu_id ) {
		if ( $term_id == $menu_id ) {
			$locations[ $location ] = $new_term_id;
		}
	}
	set_theme_mod( 'nav_menu_locations', $locations );
}

/**
 * Get data about terms that previously shared a single term_id, but have since been split.
 *
 * @since 4.2.0
 *
 * @param int $old_term_id Term ID. This is the old, pre-split term ID.
 * @return array Array of new term IDs, keyed by taxonomy.
 */
function wp_get_split_terms( $old_term_id ) {
	$split_terms = get_option( '_split_terms', array() );

	$terms = array();
	if ( isset( $split_terms[ $old_term_id ] ) ) {
		$terms = $split_terms[ $old_term_id ];
	}

	return $terms;
}

/**
 * Get the new term ID corresponding to a previously split term.
 *
 * @since 4.2.0
 *
 * @param int    $old_term_id Term ID. This is the old, pre-split term ID.
 * @param string $taxonomy    Taxonomy that the term belongs to.
 * @return int|false If a previously split term is found corresponding to the old term_id and taxonomy,
 *                   the new term_id will be returned. If no previously split term is found matching
 *                   the parameters, returns false.
 */
function wp_get_split_term( $old_term_id, $taxonomy ) {
	$split_terms = wp_get_split_terms( $old_term_id );

	$term_id = false;
	if ( isset( $split_terms[ $taxonomy ] ) ) {
		$term_id = (int) $split_terms[ $taxonomy ];
	}

	return $term_id;
}

/**
 * Determine whether a term is shared between multiple taxonomies.
 *
 * Shared taxonomy terms began to be split in 4.3, but failed cron tasks or
 * other delays in upgrade routines may cause shared terms to remain.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param int $term_id Term ID.
 * @return bool Returns false if a term is not shared between multiple taxonomies or
 *              if splittng shared taxonomy terms is finished.
 */
function wp_term_is_shared( $term_id ) {
	global $wpdb;

	if ( get_option( 'finished_splitting_shared_terms' ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	$tt_count = $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM $wpdb->term_taxonomy WHERE term_id = %d", $term_id ) );

	return $tt_count > 1;
}

/**
 * Generate a permalink for a taxonomy term archive.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @global WP_Rewrite $wp_rewrite
 *
 * @param object|int|string $term     The term object, ID, or slug whose link will be retrieved.
 * @param string            $taxonomy Optional. Taxonomy. Default empty.
 * @return string|WP_Error HTML link to taxonomy term archive on success, WP_Error if term does not exist.
 */
function get_term_link( $term, $taxonomy = '' ) {
	global $wp_rewrite;

	if ( !is_object($term) ) {
		if ( is_int( $term ) ) {
			$term = get_term( $term, $taxonomy );
		} else {
			$term = get_term_by( 'slug', $term, $taxonomy );
		}
	}

	if ( !is_object($term) )
		$term = new WP_Error( 'invalid_term', __( 'Empty Term.' ) );

	if ( is_wp_error( $term ) )
		return $term;

	$taxonomy = $term->taxonomy;

	$termlink = $wp_rewrite->get_extra_permastruct($taxonomy);

	/**
	 * Filters the permalink structure for a terms before token replacement occurs.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.0
	 *
	 * @param string  $termlink The permalink structure for the term's taxonomy.
	 * @param WP_Term $term     The term object.
	 */
	$termlink = apply_filters( 'pre_term_link', $termlink, $term );

	$slug = $term->slug;
	$t = get_taxonomy($taxonomy);

	if ( empty($termlink) ) {
		if ( 'category' == $taxonomy )
			$termlink = '?cat=' . $term->term_id;
		elseif ( $t->query_var )
			$termlink = "?$t->query_var=$slug";
		else
			$termlink = "?taxonomy=$taxonomy&term=$slug";
		$termlink = home_url($termlink);
	} else {
		if ( $t->rewrite['hierarchical'] ) {
			$hierarchical_slugs = array();
			$ancestors = get_ancestors( $term->term_id, $taxonomy, 'taxonomy' );
			foreach ( (array)$ancestors as $ancestor ) {
				$ancestor_term = get_term($ancestor, $taxonomy);
				$hierarchical_slugs[] = $ancestor_term->slug;
			}
			$hierarchical_slugs = array_reverse($hierarchical_slugs);
			$hierarchical_slugs[] = $slug;
			$termlink = str_replace("%$taxonomy%", implode('/', $hierarchical_slugs), $termlink);
		} else {
			$termlink = str_replace("%$taxonomy%", $slug, $termlink);
		}
		$termlink = home_url( user_trailingslashit($termlink, 'category') );
	}
	// Back Compat filters.
	if ( 'post_tag' == $taxonomy ) {

		/**
		 * Filters the tag link.
		 *
		 * @since 2.3.0
		 * @deprecated 2.5.0 Use 'term_link' instead.
		 *
		 * @param string $termlink Tag link URL.
		 * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
		 */
		$termlink = apply_filters( 'tag_link', $termlink, $term->term_id );
	} elseif ( 'category' == $taxonomy ) {

		/**
		 * Filters the category link.
		 *
		 * @since 1.5.0
		 * @deprecated 2.5.0 Use 'term_link' instead.
		 *
		 * @param string $termlink Category link URL.
		 * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
		 */
		$termlink = apply_filters( 'category_link', $termlink, $term->term_id );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the term link.
	 *
	 * @since 2.5.0
	 *
	 * @param string $termlink Term link URL.
	 * @param object $term     Term object.
	 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'term_link', $termlink, $term, $taxonomy );
}

/**
 * Display the taxonomies of a post with available options.
 *
 * This function can be used within the loop to display the taxonomies for a
 * post without specifying the Post ID. You can also use it outside the Loop to
 * display the taxonomies for a specific post.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @param array $args {
 *     Arguments about which post to use and how to format the output. Shares all of the arguments
 *     supported by get_the_taxonomies(), in addition to the following.
 *
 *     @type  int|WP_Post $post   Post ID or object to get taxonomies of. Default current post.
 *     @type  string      $before Displays before the taxonomies. Default empty string.
 *     @type  string      $sep    Separates each taxonomy. Default is a space.
 *     @type  string      $after  Displays after the taxonomies. Default empty string.
 * }
 */
function the_taxonomies( $args = array() ) {
	$defaults = array(
		'post' => 0,
		'before' => '',
		'sep' => ' ',
		'after' => '',
	);

	$r = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults );

	echo $r['before'] . join( $r['sep'], get_the_taxonomies( $r['post'], $r ) ) . $r['after'];
}

/**
 * Retrieve all taxonomies associated with a post.
 *
 * This function can be used within the loop. It will also return an array of
 * the taxonomies with links to the taxonomy and name.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @param int|WP_Post $post Optional. Post ID or WP_Post object. Default is global $post.
 * @param array $args {
 *     Optional. Arguments about how to format the list of taxonomies. Default empty array.
 *
 *     @type string $template      Template for displaying a taxonomy label and list of terms.
 *                                 Default is "Label: Terms."
 *     @type string $term_template Template for displaying a single term in the list. Default is the term name
 *                                 linked to its archive.
 * }
 * @return array List of taxonomies.
 */
function get_the_taxonomies( $post = 0, $args = array() ) {
	$post = get_post( $post );

	$args = wp_parse_args( $args, array(
		/* translators: %s: taxonomy label, %l: list of terms formatted as per $term_template */
		'template' => __( '%s: %l.' ),
		'term_template' => '<a href="%1$s">%2$s</a>',
	) );

	$taxonomies = array();

	if ( ! $post ) {
		return $taxonomies;
	}

	foreach ( get_object_taxonomies( $post ) as $taxonomy ) {
		$t = (array) get_taxonomy( $taxonomy );
		if ( empty( $t['label'] ) ) {
			$t['label'] = $taxonomy;
		}
		if ( empty( $t['args'] ) ) {
			$t['args'] = array();
		}
		if ( empty( $t['template'] ) ) {
			$t['template'] = $args['template'];
		}
		if ( empty( $t['term_template'] ) ) {
			$t['term_template'] = $args['term_template'];
		}

		$terms = get_object_term_cache( $post->ID, $taxonomy );
		if ( false === $terms ) {
			$terms = wp_get_object_terms( $post->ID, $taxonomy, $t['args'] );
		}
		$links = array();

		foreach ( $terms as $term ) {
			$links[] = wp_sprintf( $t['term_template'], esc_attr( get_term_link( $term ) ), $term->name );
		}
		if ( $links ) {
			$taxonomies[$taxonomy] = wp_sprintf( $t['template'], $t['label'], $links, $terms );
		}
	}
	return $taxonomies;
}

/**
 * Retrieve all taxonomies of a post with just the names.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @param int|WP_Post $post Optional. Post ID or WP_Post object. Default is global $post.
 * @return array An array of all taxonomy names for the given post.
 */
function get_post_taxonomies( $post = 0 ) {
	$post = get_post( $post );

	return get_object_taxonomies($post);
}

/**
 * Determine if the given object is associated with any of the given terms.
 *
 * The given terms are checked against the object's terms' term_ids, names and slugs.
 * Terms given as integers will only be checked against the object's terms' term_ids.
 * If no terms are given, determines if object is associated with any terms in the given taxonomy.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 *
 * @param int              $object_id ID of the object (post ID, link ID, ...).
 * @param string           $taxonomy  Single taxonomy name.
 * @param int|string|array $terms     Optional. Term term_id, name, slug or array of said. Default null.
 * @return bool|WP_Error WP_Error on input error.
 */
function is_object_in_term( $object_id, $taxonomy, $terms = null ) {
	if ( !$object_id = (int) $object_id )
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_object', __( 'Invalid object ID.' ) );

	$object_terms = get_object_term_cache( $object_id, $taxonomy );
	if ( false === $object_terms ) {
		$object_terms = wp_get_object_terms( $object_id, $taxonomy, array( 'update_term_meta_cache' => false ) );
		if ( is_wp_error( $object_terms ) ) {
			return $object_terms;
		}

		wp_cache_set( $object_id, wp_list_pluck( $object_terms, 'term_id' ), "{$taxonomy}_relationships" );
	}

	if ( is_wp_error( $object_terms ) )
		return $object_terms;
	if ( empty( $object_terms ) )
		return false;
	if ( empty( $terms ) )
		return ( !empty( $object_terms ) );

	$terms = (array) $terms;

	if ( $ints = array_filter( $terms, 'is_int' ) )
		$strs = array_diff( $terms, $ints );
	else
		$strs =& $terms;

	foreach ( $object_terms as $object_term ) {
		// If term is an int, check against term_ids only.
		if ( $ints && in_array( $object_term->term_id, $ints ) ) {
			return true;
		}

		if ( $strs ) {
			// Only check numeric strings against term_id, to avoid false matches due to type juggling.
			$numeric_strs = array_map( 'intval', array_filter( $strs, 'is_numeric' ) );
			if ( in_array( $object_term->term_id, $numeric_strs, true ) ) {
				return true;
			}

			if ( in_array( $object_term->name, $strs ) ) return true;
			if ( in_array( $object_term->slug, $strs ) ) return true;
		}
	}

	return false;
}

/**
 * Determine if the given object type is associated with the given taxonomy.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @param string $object_type Object type string.
 * @param string $taxonomy    Single taxonomy name.
 * @return bool True if object is associated with the taxonomy, otherwise false.
 */
function is_object_in_taxonomy( $object_type, $taxonomy ) {
	$taxonomies = get_object_taxonomies( $object_type );
	if ( empty( $taxonomies ) ) {
		return false;
	}
	return in_array( $taxonomy, $taxonomies );
}

/**
 * Get an array of ancestor IDs for a given object.
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 * @since 4.1.0 Introduced the `$resource_type` argument.
 *
 * @param int    $object_id     Optional. The ID of the object. Default 0.
 * @param string $object_type   Optional. The type of object for which we'll be retrieving
 *                              ancestors. Accepts a post type or a taxonomy name. Default empty.
 * @param string $resource_type Optional. Type of resource $object_type is. Accepts 'post_type'
 *                              or 'taxonomy'. Default empty.
 * @return array An array of ancestors from lowest to highest in the hierarchy.
 */
function get_ancestors( $object_id = 0, $object_type = '', $resource_type = '' ) {
	$object_id = (int) $object_id;

	$ancestors = array();

	if ( empty( $object_id ) ) {

		/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/taxonomy.php */
		return apply_filters( 'get_ancestors', $ancestors, $object_id, $object_type, $resource_type );
	}

	if ( ! $resource_type ) {
		if ( is_taxonomy_hierarchical( $object_type ) ) {
			$resource_type = 'taxonomy';
		} elseif ( post_type_exists( $object_type ) ) {
			$resource_type = 'post_type';
		}
	}

	if ( 'taxonomy' === $resource_type ) {
		$term = get_term($object_id, $object_type);
		while ( ! is_wp_error($term) && ! empty( $term->parent ) && ! in_array( $term->parent, $ancestors ) ) {
			$ancestors[] = (int) $term->parent;
			$term = get_term($term->parent, $object_type);
		}
	} elseif ( 'post_type' === $resource_type ) {
		$ancestors = get_post_ancestors($object_id);
	}

	/**
	 * Filters a given object's ancestors.
	 *
	 * @since 3.1.0
	 * @since 4.1.1 Introduced the `$resource_type` parameter.
	 *
	 * @param array  $ancestors     An array of object ancestors.
	 * @param int    $object_id     Object ID.
	 * @param string $object_type   Type of object.
	 * @param string $resource_type Type of resource $object_type is.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'get_ancestors', $ancestors, $object_id, $object_type, $resource_type );
}

/**
 * Returns the term's parent's term_ID.
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 *
 * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy name.
 * @return int|false False on error.
 */
function wp_get_term_taxonomy_parent_id( $term_id, $taxonomy ) {
	$term = get_term( $term_id, $taxonomy );
	if ( ! $term || is_wp_error( $term ) ) {
		return false;
	}
	return (int) $term->parent;
}

/**
 * Checks the given subset of the term hierarchy for hierarchy loops.
 * Prevents loops from forming and breaks those that it finds.
 *
 * Attached to the {@see 'wp_update_term_parent'} filter.
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 *
 * @param int    $parent   `term_id` of the parent for the term we're checking.
 * @param int    $term_id  The term we're checking.
 * @param string $taxonomy The taxonomy of the term we're checking.
 *
 * @return int The new parent for the term.
 */
function wp_check_term_hierarchy_for_loops( $parent, $term_id, $taxonomy ) {
	// Nothing fancy here - bail
	if ( !$parent )
		return 0;

	// Can't be its own parent.
	if ( $parent == $term_id )
		return 0;

	// Now look for larger loops.
	if ( !$loop = wp_find_hierarchy_loop( 'wp_get_term_taxonomy_parent_id', $term_id, $parent, array( $taxonomy ) ) )
		return $parent; // No loop

	// Setting $parent to the given value causes a loop.
	if ( isset( $loop[$term_id] ) )
		return 0;

	// There's a loop, but it doesn't contain $term_id. Break the loop.
	foreach ( array_keys( $loop ) as $loop_member )
		wp_update_term( $loop_member, $taxonomy, array( 'parent' => 0 ) );

	return $parent;
}